Fluidized bed grading differential temperature pyrolysis device and method for low heating value viscous solid fuel

Abstract

The invention discloses a fluidized bed grading differential temperature pyrolysis device and a method for a low heating value viscous solid fuel. The device comprises a fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor (3), a two-stage efficient cyclone separator, a first-stage cyclone separator (4), a first-stage downcomer (6), a second-stage cyclone separator (5), a second-stage downcomer (7), a bi-inlet bidirectional pneumatic material reverting valve (8), a first cyclone burner (12) and a second cyclone burner (11). The method comprises following steps of pyrolyzing the solid fuel in the fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor, purifying the generated low temperature pyrolysis smoke (b) in the first-stage cyclone separator (4) and the second-stage cyclone separator (5) which are connected in series, and allowing the separated solid carbon residue to fall into the downcomer to enter the same pneumatic material reverting valve (8). The system is simple, and the pyrolysis temperature in the fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor can be controlled.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention specifically relates to a fluidized bed staged differential temperature pyrolysis method and device for low calorific value viscous solid fuel. It belongs to the technical field of energy preparation. Background technique [0002] With the rapid development of the world economy, the increasing shortage of fossil fuels, the increasingly severe energy crisis and environmental pollution, it is very urgent to develop efficient utilization methods for existing low-quality fuels and new energy fuels. Realizing the high-efficiency, environmental protection and low-cost utilization of low-calorific value and certain viscosity low-quality solid fuels such as low-quality coal, coal gangue, coal slime, oil shale, sewage sludge, etc. is of great importance to alleviate the severe energy crisis and environmental problems significance. [0003] Due to the characteristics of low calorific value and certain viscosity, the utilization rate of these soli...

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Problems solved by technology

The Institute of Process Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences invented a solid fuel multi-stage graded pyrolysis gasification device and method (CN102465043A), which uses a multi-layer fluidized bed, and the upper bed pyrolysis product enters the lower layer through the overflow pipe and the distribution plate for heat exchange. As a result, a pyrolysis reaction occurs, and the pyrolysis semi-coke in the pyrolysis product of this process is prone to sticking during the downward process, thereby blocking the downward channel and preventing the reaction from proceeding

Shanxi Huaxiang Energy Technology Group Youxia Company (CN101921627A) invented a gas-oil cogeneration device and method coupled with fluidized bed pulverized coal gasification and solid heat carrier pyrolysis. The energy of pulverized coal in the bed is directly gasified at high temperature without graded utilization of energy. Fresh coal is mixed with burned semi-coke, which produces more tar and heavy tar, and it also consumes a lot of energy to stir the heat carrier and fresh coal. more energy

[0006] The coal pyrolysis process started earlier, but so far it is mostly in the pilot test or industrial demonstration stage, and has not been commercialized. The main reasons are: (1) Additional fuel combustion is required for heating, and the thermal efficiency of the entire system is low; (2) The system is complicated, and it is difficult to realize the device method and long-term stable operation; (3) The cyclone separator has low removal efficiency for pyrolysis by-products, such as circulating ash and residual carbon, and it is difficult to obtain clean pyrolysis gas or fuel oil (4) The heavy tar content in the tar is high, and it is easy to stick in the cyclone separator, making the system difficult to operate stably

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