The invention discloses a portable fluorescence quantitative PCR detector, and belongs to the fields of biology and medical detection. The detector comprises an optical excitation unit, an optical detection unit, and a temperature control unit. The optical excitation unit comprises a plurality of light sources, an exciting light optical filter, and a holophote. The temperature control unit comprises a reaction tank, a heat cover, a heating/refrigerating sheet, a heat dissipating part, and a temperature control circuit. The optical detection unit comprises a plurality of light splitting sheets, an optical filter, an imaging sensor, and a detection circuit. The light given off by the light source goes through the exciting light optical filter and then is converted into exciting light with a specific wavelength; then the exciting light is reflected by the holophote and is projected into a PCR tube to excite the fluorescence substances in the reagent, thus the fluorescence substances will give off light, part of the light goes though the hole in the side surface of the reaction tank and enters the optical detection unit, the light is split and filtered in the optical detection unit, and finally the light form an image on the corresponding image sensor.