Rapid synthesis method for high-quantum-yield fluorescent carbon dots

The invention discloses a rapid synthesis method for high-quantum-yield fluorescent carbon dots. The method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing citric acid monohydrate and ethylenediamine, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution; (2) adding the mixed solution in the step (1) into a microwave reactor for reaction, and setting the temperature as 130 DEG C; (3) cooling to obtain a brown liquid product, injecting the brown liquid product into a dialysis bag for dialysis, collecting liquid in the dialysis bag, performing rotary evaporation concentration, and freeze-drying concentrated samples to obtain the fluorescent carbon dots, wherein the molecular weight of the dialysis bag is 500Da. The operation is simple, and raw materials are easily obtained and cheap. Reaction conditions can be regulated, the quantum yield of the obtained carbon quantum dots is high, the problem that rapid large-scale production cannot be carried out by a conventional fluorescent carbon dot preparation method due to the limitation of a process and the raw materials is solved, and the problem of lower quantum yield of the carbon quantum dots is solved. The fluorescent carbon dots can be used for metal ion detection, biological marking, biological imaging and the like.