Ketal compounds and their uses
A compound and composition technology, applied in the field of ketal compounds and their uses, can solve problems such as worker and environmental hazards
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Embodiment 1
[0127] 32.8 g (0.15 mol) of ethyl levulinate glycerol ketal (Et-LGK) (98.2%) and 91.0 g (0.45 mol) of ethyl levulinate 1,2-propanediol ketal (Et-LPK) (0.14% ethyl levulinate and undetectable propylene glycol) was charged to a 250 mL three necked round bottom flask. The contents of the flask were stirred and heated to 110°C under vacuum (6 Torr). Add 9.7 µL of titanium tetraisopropoxide to the flask. The nitrogen purge was maintained and the contents of the flask were heated to 230°C during which time a liquid condensate formed. The reaction mixture was cooled to 110° C. and distillation of the second liquid was accomplished using a reduced pressure of about 4 Torr. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature when no further distillate was collected.
[0128] The product is a mixture of compounds corresponding to structure III, where a and c are 2, b is 0, d is 0, i is 1, R 1 and R 8 are all methyl, R 3 is CH(CH 3 ), R 4 is methylene, R 7 is hydrogen, R 23 ...
Embodiment 2
[0130] 18.02 g (0.2 mol) of 1,4-butanediol ((BDO) Sigma Aldrich Company, St. Louis, MO) and 121.35 g (0.6 mol) of ethyl-LPK (Et-LPK) (0.14% levulinic acid ethyl ester and undetected propylene glycol) into a 250mL three-neck round bottom flask. The contents of the flask were stirred at a pressure of 6 Torr while heating to 90°C. Then 3.22 μL of titanium tetraisopropoxide was added to the flask. The nitrogen purge was maintained and the contents of the flask were heated to 200°C for 3 hours during which time condensate formed. The reaction mixture was cooled to 110°C and distillation of the second liquid was accomplished under reduced pressure of about 7 Torr. The reduced pressure was maintained until no further distillate was collected. The flask was cooled to ambient temperature and the pressure equilibrated to atmospheric pressure.
[0131] The reaction product contains approximately 87.2% corresponding to compound of,
[0132] About 1.1% corresponds to compound of, ...
Embodiment 3-4
[0134] Embodiment 3-4 and comparative sample 1
[0135] With every hundred parts of PVC 50 parts of plasticizer, the product of embodiment 1 and polyvinyl chloride ((PVC), M n =55,000, M w =97,000) premixed. In continuous nitrogen (N 2 ) purge to form Example 3 by blending the premix separately for 10 minutes in a twin-screw extruder operating at 165°C-170°C. Example 4 was prepared in the same manner except that the product of Example 2 was used instead of the product of Example 1.
[0136] The Shore A Hardness of the resulting blend was measured according to ASTM D2240. T g is measured using standard DSC techniques. Example 3 has a T of -9.7°C g And a Shore A hardness of 81.5. Example 4 has a T of -8.0°C g And a Shore A hardness of 78.8. PVC itself has a T of 67.2°C g .
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