Method for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss of single cropping rice area in northeast China

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss of a single cropping rice area in northeast China, and belongs to the field of agricultural environments. The method for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss of the single cropping rice area in northeast China comprises the following specific steps: evenly broadcasting a basal application nitrogen fertilizer in combination with a phosphorus fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer before rotary tillage is conducted on soil, before field steeping is conducted, conducting rotary tillage according to depth of 15-18 cm, conducting watering and field steeping, controlling water layer depth to be smaller than 5 cm, after field steeping is conducted for 1-2 days, conducting harrowing once or twice, and after mud settling isconducted for 4-5 days, conducting mechanical rice transplantation; from a transplantation stage to a returning green stage of rice, controlling a water level to be lower than 30 mm; from a tilleringstage to a milk-ripe stage of the rice, controlling the water level to be 30-50 mm; after the rice enters a maturity stage, conducting natural drying; and conducting irrigation by mixing rice field tail water and river water or well water or conducting irrigation by only adopting river water or well water. By means of the method for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss of the single cropping rice area in northeast China, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of surface water and runoff water drainage are reduced, so that nitrogen and phosphorus loss loads of a rice field are reduced; and meanwhile, the problem of atmosphere pollution caused by open burning of straw is solved, so that carbon emission is reduced, and nitrogen loss caused by ammonia volatilization in a rice season is reduced at the same time.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of agricultural environment, and in particular relates to a method for reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss in a single-cropping rice area in Northeast China. Background technique [0002] Rice is the largest food crop in my country, and it is also a large consumer of water and fertilizer. Its water consumption accounts for about 60-70% of the total agricultural water consumption, and its fertilizer application accounts for about 20-25% of the total agricultural fertilizer application. In rice planting and production, there are many problems such as excessive fertilizer application, common surface application, difficulty in controlling nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, low straw utilization rate, low water and fertilizer utilization rate, and single planting mode. A large amount of water and fertilizer consumption can easily cause nitrogen and phosphorus loss in paddy fields. , a potential threat to the agricultur...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

The loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy fields directly causes the loss of fertilizer nutrients, which not only affects the growth of rice and reduces economic benefits, but also aggravates environmental risks such as greenhouse gas emissions, eutrophication of surface water bodies, and nitrate pollution of groundwater.

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