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Methods and apparatus for biological treatment of aqueous waste

a technology of biological treatment and aqueous waste, applied in biological water/sewage treatment, filtration separation, separation processes, etc., can solve the problems of increased risk to human health, abnormal hemoglobin (methemoglobin), and inability to transport oxygen

Inactive Publication Date: 2005-11-17
THE TRUSTEES OF THE UNIV OF PENNSYLVANIA
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, many human activities have perturbed the nitrogen cycle and caused nitrogenous pollution and environmental problems.
Intake of high-nitrate food (e.g., highly fertilized vegetable, livestock fed with high-nitrate forage material or aquacultural production from an aqueous environment of high nitrate concentrations) has been correlated with increased risk to human health.
Nitrate poisoning results from the conversion of nitrate to nitrite in the body.
Absorption of nitrite into the blood stream produces abnormal hemoglobin (methemoglobin), which is incapable of transporting oxygen.
Nitrates in water or meat are especially hazardous to young infants because their relatively high gastric pH facilitates the reduction of nitrate to nitrite by bacteria causing blue baby syndrome.
Ammonium ions in drinking water, where ammonium ions exist in equilibrium with ammonia and hydrogen ions, may not only cause toxicity but also reduce the disinfecting efficiency of chlorine.
Adding additional chlorine to compensate for the presence of ammonia will also cause over-disinfection problems such as producing by-products (e.g. trihalomethanes and total organic halogens), tastes and odors, accelerating corrosion, and increasing costs.
However, oxidation of ammonium does not truly remove it but transforms it into NO2−, and NO3−, both of which still remain in the system.

Method used

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  • Methods and apparatus for biological treatment of aqueous waste
  • Methods and apparatus for biological treatment of aqueous waste
  • Methods and apparatus for biological treatment of aqueous waste

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

Experimental Material and Analytical Equipment

[0055] Experimental materials and analytical equipment were used to create an example of a biofilter system according to the present invention.

[0056] Air Diffuser: Made of wood and purchased from a regular aquarium store.

[0057] Air Pump: The model of Silenger by Penn-Plax (Garden City, N.Y.).

[0058] ChronTrol XT: The ChronTrol XT (ChronTrol Corporation, San Diego, Calif.) is a programmable, microprocessor-based timing device. It can easily be programmed to switch circuits on and off at specific times and dates, for durations, on a cycle, or from external devices attached to its optional input connector. In this example, the ChronTrol XT is used to adjust the aeration modes and feeding rates.

[0059] Constant Temperature Cabinet (Stabil-Therm) and Muffle Furnace (M15a-2A): Both models are made by Blue M (Blue Island, Ill.). Measurement of mix liquid volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) and attached volatile suspended solids (AVSS) will fol...

example 2

Method of Comparing the Purification of Aqueous Waste Under Constant High-Oxygen Conditions and Under Alternating High-Oxygen and Anoxic Conditions

[0069] Two biofilter systems similar to those shown in FIG. 1 and utilizing the experimental materials and analytical equipment of Example 1 were set up. One was tested under continuous aeration, and the other under alternating aeration. Feed solution consisting of approximately 50 mg / l C6H12O6—C, 15 mg / l (HN4)2 HPO4—N and mineral nutrients was placed in a refrigerator. The feed solution was pumped into the reactor at a rate of approximately 4 ml / min for a length of 5 seconds at intervals of 25 seconds. The recirculation rate was about 280 ml / min, which expanded the bed height to a ratio of approximately 35 cm to 24 cm, or 1.46.

[0070] Inoculum was obtained from the activated sludge cultivated on glucose. During the period of the experiment, microorganisms may appear on the inner wall of the feeding tubing which portion is exposed in the...

example 3

The Results of Purifying Aqueous Waste Under Constant High-Oxygen Conditions and Under Alternating High-Oxygen and Anoxic Conditions

[0073] Based on the low effluent NH4+—N concentration, both the continuous aeration and AAA processes performed quite well. However, if the effluent total nitrogen concentrations were examined, all the AAA processes, 2-hr on / 2-hr off, 3-hr on / 3-hr off, 4-hr on / 4-hr off, 5-hr on / 5-hr off, and 6-hr on / 6-hr off (on: aeration on; off: aeration off or non-aeration), had lower effluent total integer concentration than that of the continuous aeration process. The effluent total nitrogen concentration obtains the most contribution from NO3−—N. Since both the continuous aeration and AAA processes had low effluent NH4+—N and NO2−—N removal concentrations, it implied that in the AAA process, NO3−—N had been denitrified at the non-aeration stage and removed from the system. The combination of nitrification and denitrification in the AAA process thus proved to have...

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Abstract

A biofilter system of the present invention utilizes an Alternating-Aerobic-Anoxic (AAA) process in a single reactor to provide efficient and cheap removal of carbonaceous materials, nitrogenous materials, and / or mixtures thereof from aqueous waste. The biofilter system of the present invention is particularly suitable for treating aqueous waste from aquaculture, industrial processes and animal husbandry. The biofilter system includes: a main biofilter chamber containing therein aerobic and anaerobic bacteria without physical separation; an inlet port and an outlet port connected to the main biofilter chamber; and a means for oxygenating the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the main biofilter chamber, including means for timing the oxygenation of the aerobic and anaerobic bacteria to provide alternating periods of high-oxygen conditions and anoxic conditions.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims the right of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to U.S. Provisional Appl. No. 60 / 211,302 filed on Jun. 13, 2000, the entirety of which is incorporated by reference herein.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] 1. Field of the Invention [0003] The present invention is directed towards a more efficient and less expensive process for biological treatment of aqueous waste and raw animal waste. [0004] 2. Background Art [0005] A balanced nitrogen cycle is important to our environment. However, many human activities have perturbed the nitrogen cycle and caused nitrogenous pollution and environmental problems. Fertilizer production, farming of leguminous crops, and fossil fuel combustion contribute to an annual anthropogenic nitrogen fixation of 90, 40 and 20 Tg(N) / yr, respectively. Thus, the overall amount of nitrogen fixation contributed by human activity essentially equals the annual total of naturally-occurring nitrogen fixa...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C02F3/06C02F3/08C02F3/30
CPCC02F1/78C02F3/06C02F3/08C02F3/301Y10S210/906C02F2103/20Y10S210/909Y10S210/908Y10S210/903C02F3/302Y02W10/10
Inventor SHIEH, WEN K.WEISS, LEONTAI, SHU K.
Owner THE TRUSTEES OF THE UNIV OF PENNSYLVANIA
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