The invention discloses a method for treating and recycling wastewater produced by coal middle-low temperature dry distillation. The method comprises the steps of pretreatment, biochemical treatment as well as advanced treatment and recycling. The method concretely comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out oil removal on the wastewater by means of gravity, filtering and then deacidifying and deaminizing by means of steam stripping; dephenolizing by means of extraction, and removing emulsified oil and suspended solids by means of flocculation-air flotation; reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) by means of electrochemical oxidation, and then carrying out biochemical treatment including anaerobic treatment, anoxic treatment and aerobic treatment; finally, carrying out advanced treatment and recycling, i.e., coagulation treatment, ozone catalytic oxidation treatment, membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment, reverse osmosis treatment, and recycling the effluent which reaches the standard. By adopting reasonable optimized combination configuration of all units, the high efficiency recovery of tar, ammonia and phenol in the wastewater as well as the advanced treatment of the wastewater produced by middle-low temperature dry distillation can be realized, and the wastewater is finally recycled by means of desalination, so that pollutant removal and water resource recycling are realized.