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Processes for the recovery of ruthenium from materials containing ruthenium orruthenium oxides or from ruthenium-containing noble metal ore concentrates

a technology of noble metal ore concentrate and ruthenium ore, which is applied in the direction of inorganic chemistry, process efficiency improvement, chemistry apparatus and processes, etc., can solve the problem that the digestion step cannot be separated from the separation step

Inactive Publication Date: 2009-07-30
W C HERAEUS GMBH
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0011]Processes according to the state of the art have the following disadvantages: aqua regia or concentrated acids / chlorine gas used as oxidising agent do not dissolve ruthenium or only very slowly. Ruthenium is soluble in sodium hypochlorite liquor; however, volatile ruthenium(VIII) oxide is partly formed in this case directly. As a result, the digestion step cannot be separated from the separation step. The selenium contained in ore concentrates interferes with the purification of the noble metals in the further steps such that its rapid elimination, if possible at the beginning of the partitioning process, is desirable.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0012]By introducing ruthenium-containing material and nitrate as oxidising agent into a highly alkaline potassium hydroxide melt, it is possible to achieve a satisfactory mobilisation of the ruthenium. Subsequently, ruthenium is present as water-soluble ruthenate (RuO4)2−. Subsequent partitioning operations permit a rapid removal of the ruthenium and the separation of selenium. Further subsequent purification steps permit the processing of ruthenium targets.

Problems solved by technology

Processes according to the state of the art have the following disadvantages: aqua regia or concentrated acids / chlorine gas used as oxidising agent do not dissolve ruthenium or only very slowly.
As a result, the digestion step cannot be separated from the separation step.

Method used

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Examples

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Effect test

example 1

[0036]In a crucible consisting of a nickel base alloy, 300 kg of potassium hydroxide are melted at 400-450° C. Once a clear melt has been formed, 100 kg of dried ore concentrate containing approximately 4-5% (w / w) of ruthenium—premixed with 75 kg of sodium nitrate—are slowly introduced into the melt with stirring. On completion of the addition, the temperature is increased to 600° C. and stirring is carried out for a further 5 hours. The melt is allowed to cool before further treatment.

example 2

[0037]In a crucible consisting of a nickel base alloy, 300 kg of potassium hydroxide are melted at 400-450° C. Once a clear melt has been formed, 100 kg of oxide-containing ruthenium fines containing approximately 30-40% (w / w) of ruthenium premixed with 50 kg of sodium nitrate are slowly introduced into the melt with stirring. On completion of the addition, the temperature is increased to 600° C. and stirring is carried out for a further 6 hours. The melt is allowed to cool before further treatment.

example 3

[0038]In a crucible consisting of a nickel base alloy, 275 kg of potassium hydroxide and 14 kg of sodium nitrate are melted at 400-450° C. Once a clear melt has been formed, 53 kg of metallic ruthenium fines containing approximately 98% (w / w) of ruthenium premixed with 41 kg of sodium nitrate are slowly introduced into the melt with stirring. On completion of the addition, the temperature is increased to 600° C. and stirring is carried out for a further 6 hours. The melt is allowed to cool before further treatment.

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Abstract

Processes for the recovery of ruthenium from materials containing ruthenium or ruthenium oxides or from ruthenium-containing noble metal ore concentrates, with the steps ofA. the introduction of the material into a highly alkaline alkali hydroxide melt in the presence of nitrate as oxidising agent with the formation of an oxidised melt residue with water-soluble ruthenate (RuO4)2−,B. the dissolution of the oxidised melt residue obtained in water,C. the addition of a reducing agent,D. the precipitation of the metals formed, can also be used for separating off selenium.Optionally, ruthenium is separated off by distillation, instead of precipitation, following step B, with the steps of5C the treatment of the ruthenate-containing solution with an oxidising agent,5D distilling off of the RuO4 obtained,5E taking up of the RuO4 from step 5D in hydrochloric acid.By way of further subsequent purification steps, processes for the recovery of ruthenium targets are obtained.

Description

[0001]The invention relates to processes for the recovery of ruthenium from materials containing ruthenium or ruthenium oxides or from ruthenium-containing noble metal ore concentrates, if necessary with further purification steps for processing ruthenium targets.STATE OF THE ART[0002]Ruthenium-containing materials in which the ruthenium is present in the metallic or oxidic form (ore concentrates, target materials produced by powder metallurgy from ruthenium metal and ruthenium alloys, other cementates) need to be activated for further purification operations and converted into a water-soluble form.[0003]Various processes are known for mobilising and / or separating off ruthenium:[0004]melt flow with KOH / KNO3 and subsequent formation of RuO4 by the oxidation of the alkaline solution with chlorine gas (JP39019951; C. Claus, J. prakt. Chem. 79 [1860] 28),[0005]oxidation and dissolution in HCl or HNO3 with potassium chlorate as oxidising agent (F. Krauss, Z. anorg. Ch. 117 [1921] 115),[0...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C01G55/00
CPCC22B5/12C22B11/046C22B11/04C22B7/006Y02P10/20
Inventor MEYER, HORSTGREHL, MATTHIASNOWOTTNY, CHRISTIANSTETTNER, MARTINKRALIK, JOACHIM
Owner W C HERAEUS GMBH
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