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Powder material, electrode structure using the powder material, and energy storage device having the electrode structure

a technology of electrode structure and powder material, which is applied in the direction of basic electric elements, electrochemical generators, cell components, etc., can solve the problems of high resistance of batteries, difficult to increase capacity, and serious problems, and achieve high power density, high energy density, and rapid charging

Inactive Publication Date: 2011-04-14
CANON KK
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The present invention provides a powder material that can store and release lithium ions in a high current density and has a high power density and energy density. The powder material includes particles of silicon, tin, or an alloy of silicon and tin, and an oxide covering the surface of the particles. The oxide can contain elements such as W, Ti, Mo, Nb, V, Ta, B, Ce, Al, Ba, Zr, Sr, Mg, Th, Be, La, Ca, and Y. The powder material can be produced by adding particles of silicon, tin, or an alloy of silicon and tin to a dispersion liquid containing nanoparticles of an oxide containing the same elements, and evaporating the liquid. The energy storage device using this powder material has a high capacity and can provide high power density and energy density.

Problems solved by technology

Further, the air pollution due to substances including CO2, NOx, hydrocarbon and the like is causing a serious problem.
Therefore, further increase in capacity is difficult and a new electrode material for attaining further increase in capacity is being desired.
In addition, although the “lithium ion battery” has a high energy density and is expected as a power source for a hybrid vehicle and an electric vehicle, there is a problem that the internal resistance of the battery is too high to release a sufficient amount of electricity at the time of rapid discharge, that is, the power density is small.
Therefore, the volume expansion is still present and the increase in internal resistance of the battery caused by the repeated charge and discharge is not completely successfully restrained.

Method used

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  • Powder material, electrode structure using the powder material, and energy storage device having the electrode structure
  • Powder material, electrode structure using the powder material, and energy storage device having the electrode structure
  • Powder material, electrode structure using the powder material, and energy storage device having the electrode structure

Examples

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examples

[0208]The present invention will be described in further detail referring to examples.

[0209][Preparation of Active Material for Negative Electrode of Energy Storage Device]

[0210]Examples of procedure of preparing powder material

Reference Example m1

[0211]Mixing silicon powder obtained by micronizing metal silicon powder of 96.0% or more purity with medium mill using zirconia beads in isopropyl alcohol to average particle diameter of 0.2 μm, tin powder, copper powder, boron powder, graphite powder of 195:90:15:3:30 in proportion by weight; inserting the mixture into an attritor; implementing 24-hour mechanical alloying treatment at rotation of 300 rpm in argon gas atmosphere; and Si—Sn—Cu—C alloy powder was obtained.

example m1

[0212]Mixing silicon powder obtained by micronizing metal silicon powder of 96.0% or more purity with medium mill using zirconia beads in isopropyl alcohol to average particle diameter of 0.2 μm, tin powder, copper powder, boron powder, graphite powder of 195:90:15:3:30 in proportion by weight; inserting the mixture into an attritor; implementing 24-hour mechanical alloying treatment at rotation of 300 rpm in argon gas atmosphere; and Si—Sn—Cu—B—C (also abbreviated as SiSnCuC) alloy powder with an average diameter of 0.2 μm was obtained. Next, 80 parts by weight of the obtained Si—Sn—Cu—C alloy powder and 20 parts by weight of lithium titanate Li4Ti5O12 powder with specific surface area being 33.5 m2 were mixed and were ground for 6 hours with a planetary ball mill using zirconia balls to obtain Si—Sn—Cu—B—C alloy-Li4Ti5O12 composite material powder with an average diameter of 1 μm or less.

[0213]The above described obtained composite powder was irradiated with ultrasonic wave in eth...

example m2

[0218]Mixing Li4Ti5O12 powder in the amount of 20 parts by weight into silicon powder in the amount of 80 parts by weight with purity of 99% or more and with average particle diameter of 4 μm, grinding the mixture with a planetary ball mill using zirconia balls at 300 rpm for six hours, an electrode material of Si—Li4Ti5O12 composite powder with the average particle diameter of 2 ρm or less was obtained.

[0219]Likewise Example M1, the sample, for observation with a transmission electron microscope, of Si—Li4Ti5O12 for composite powder was produced. With that observation sample, mode observation and composition analysis were carried out. The analysis result thereof is illustrated in FIG. 12.

[0220]Here, the mapping image of Si, Ti and O elements are in the diagrams respectively indicated as SiKα1, TiKα1, OKα1. Based on the mapping images and secondary electronic images of those elements, Ti element distribution and O element distribution nearly overlap and a region of Si element distri...

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Abstract

A powder material which can electrochemically store and release lithium ions rapidly in a large amount is provided. In addition, an electrode structure for an energy storage device which can provide a high energy density and a high power density and has a long life, and an energy storage device using the electrode structure are provided. In a powder material which can electrochemically store and release lithium ions, the surface of particles of one of silicon metal and tin metal and an alloy of any thereof is coated by an oxide including a transition metal element selected from the group consisting of W, Ti, Mo, Nb, and V as a main component. The electrode structure includes the powder material. The battery device includes a negative electrode having the electrode structure, a lithium ion conductor, and a positive electrode, and utilizes an oxidation reaction of lithium and a reduction reaction of lithium ion.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0001]1. Field of the Invention[0002]The present invention relates to a powder material of fine particles mainly including a metal such as silicon or tin that is alloyed with lithium by an electrochemical reaction, and a metal oxide or a half metal oxide; an electrode structure including the powder material; and an energy storage device including the electrode structure.[0003]2. Description of the Related Art[0004]Recently, the amount of CO2 gas contained in the atmosphere has been increased, so that the possibility of the green house effect to give rise to global warming has been pointed out. Further, the air pollution due to substances including CO2, NOx, hydrocarbon and the like is causing a serious problem. Moreover, in the light of the increase of crude oil price, attention has been focused on a hybrid vehicle including an engine and an electric motor operated by an electric energy stored in an energy storage device and an electric vehicle from the vi...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): H01M4/48H01M4/88H01M4/02H01M4/134H01M4/485H01M10/052H01M10/36
CPCH01G9/155H01M4/02H01M4/134H01M4/366Y02E60/13H01M4/485H01M10/052H01M2004/021Y02E60/122H01M4/38H01M4/386H01M4/387Y02E60/10H01G11/46H01G11/06
Inventor KAWAKAMI, SOICHIROTSUZUKI, HIDETOSHIAIBA, TOSHIAKIUENO, RIEWATANABE, MASATOSHI
Owner CANON KK
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