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The present application relates to a kind of positioning identification method and device for power equipment abnormal sound monitoring, the method first defines spherical coordinate system, determines the number of microphone in spherical microphone array and the coordinate position of each microphone thereof;Then construct the ideal sound signal model of spherical microphone array, and construct the transfer matrix of focusing surface and array surface based on this in turn obtain noise source intensity solving equation, since focusing surface division point number is much more than array microphone number, so the equation is underdetermined equation group;Finally, construct block sparse bayesian learning optimization framework and solve to obtain source intensity coefficient vector, finally achieve the reliable monitoring and accurate positioning of power equipment abnormal sound.The present application compared with prior art, overcome the deficiency that conventional planar array is difficult to realize flexible autonomous positioning of three-dimensional space sound field, can effectively improve the positioning accuracy of space sound field, and still can guarantee good anti-interference performance in low signal-to-noise ratio environment.