Long-term governance method for converting saline-alkali soil into fertile farmland

Abstract

The invention relates to a long-term governance method for converting saline-alkali soil into fertile farmland, comprising the following steps: (1) digging a deep hole on the saline-alkali soil; (2) filling filler on the bottom of the dug deep hole to form a saline-alkali discharging filler layer; (3) digging a saline-alkali discharging ditch communicated with the underground saline-alkali discharging filler layer, and putting earth slope banks around the saline-alkali discharging ditch; and (4) discharging saline alkali by naturally raining or irrigating the whole saline-alkali soil. The filler layer is arranged, the principle of 'salt comes and leaves with water' is utilized, and the method that salt moves downwards and the filler layer cuts off an evaporation channel by irradiation or raining to cause the salt to move upwards is adopted, so that the content of the salt in a ploughing layer is lowered, and the salt can be prevented from moving upwards and gathering so as to obtain the effective long-term governance effect. The filler layer in the manufacture method is characterized by distributing materials in the mode of multiple dimension and multidimensional grading, the filler layer has the characteristics of good permeability which is characterized by thick top and loose bottom, and rolling resistance and can be effectively used for a long term.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a method for long-term improvement of saline-alkali land through multidimensional gradation, and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali land management. Background technique [0002] Saline-alkali land is an important land resource for agriculture and forestry development and utilization. At present, soil salinization has become a worldwide problem. According to the incomplete statistics of UNESCO and FAO, the area of ​​saline-alkali land in the world accounts for 10% of the global land area, and it is distributed in more than 80 countries and regions. The area of ​​salinization is increasing continuously. The total area of ​​saline-alkali land in my country exceeds 500 million mu, and 75% of the saline-alkali land has not been effectively controlled and rationally developed and utilized. In saline-alkali land, because the soil contains too much soluble salt or the sodium ion saturation in the soil colloid is too lar...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] At present, there are mainly the following methods for the control of saline-alkali land at home and abroad: salt avoidance method, salt pressure method, salt discharge method, direct improvement method and salt separation method, but they all have a large number of deficiencies, such as: salt avoidance method It is to change the farmland into a furrow shape, and when the field water evaporates, the salt will accumulate on the back of the furrow, so that the plants planted in the furrow will not be harmed. This method is only suitable for the transformation of light saline-alkali land; the salt pressure method is to infiltrate the salt through a large amount of irrigation. To the deep layer of the soil, it plays a role in protecting the normal growth of crops, but with the evaporation of water, the salt accumulates with the water to the surface and affects the growth of crops; Part of the salt is taken away when it infiltrates from the field to the deep ditch. The above method not only consumes a lot of fresh water resources, but also cannot last for a long time; the direct improvement method is to apply organic fertilizer, straw and chemical amendments to the soil, through the application of acidic substances and The combination of alkaline substances in the soil reduces the alkalinity of the soil; the salt isolation method is to dig pits at intervals in the field, and lay plastic films on the walls and bottom of the pits to isolate the salt from moving into the pits, and fill the pits with salt-free soil for crop planting. The method is difficult to promote in a large area because of the shortage of organic fertilizer or salt-free soil and white pollution, and it also cannot last for a long time.

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