Biomass Pyrolysis Refining-Method of Hierarchical Directional Conversion

Abstract

The invention relates to a biomass pyrolysis refining-grading directional conversion process. Based on the fact that the main chemical components (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, etc.) of biomass raw materials have different thermal decomposition characteristics, the present invention uses pyrolysis refining as the technical platform to propose a technology of gradient heating and step-by-step collection scheme, the pyrolysis products are graded and directed transformations as platform compounds. Among them, the water-soluble pyrolysis oil fraction has fermentation properties and can undergo selective biotransformation; the fat-soluble pyrolysis oil fraction is used to refine high-quality bio-oil, and the pyrolysis residue is used to prepare high-quality activated carbon or nano-silica. Biomass pyrolysis refining-graded directional conversion solves the problems of the use of a large number of enzyme catalysts and the difficulty of collecting, transporting and storing raw materials in the process of using biomass raw materials as energy. It is a high-efficiency and high-value utilization process of biomass.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of bioenergy, and in particular relates to a method of utilizing biomass raw material pyrolysis refining-graded directional conversion, that is, the biomass raw material undergoes pretreatment, pyrolysis refining, and directional conversion of pyrolysis graded products into energy substances and Chemical Products. Background technique [0002] At present, the biomass industry, mainly based on the production of bioenergy and chemical products, is booming. Biomass is the most widely existing substance on the earth, and its main sources are straw, sugar crops, urban garbage, aquatic plants, industrial biological waste solids, etc. The high-value utilization of such substances has great impact on the national economy, environment and sustainable Continuous development is critical. At present, the main utilization method of biomass raw material is to use it as fuel by gasification or as the fermentation raw mat...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Generally, the rapid pyrolysis of biomass is used to prepare bio-oil, but due to the complex components of biomass, there are a large amount of water and acidic substances in the bio-oil obtained by pyrolysis, high oxygen content, high corrosion and viscosity, and chemical composition. Complex, unstable, and poor quality, there is still a certain distance to replace petroleum fuels

This is because the biomass is pyrolyzed as a whole, and the pyrolysis components are single-converted instead of graded and directional refined according to their composition characteristics. The resulting pyrolysis oil is of poor quality and is not suitable for direct use as fuel.

[0004] Patents CN101691495A and CN101693845A disclose a method and device for preparing bio-oil and chemicals by biomass fractional pyrolysis, and propose a three-stage system of spiral pyrolysis reactor, shallow bed fluidized bed and deep bed fluidized bed in different A technical solution for graded and rapid pyrolysis of biomass at high temperature, but this technology has problems such as multi-bed pyrolysis, complex equipment, and complicated processes, which is not conducive to the promotion of large-scale industrialization, and at the same time only part of the pyrolysis products are used as high-quality fuel oil use, other pyrolysis fractions are not effectively utilized, and the comprehensive utilization rate of pyrolysis products is low

Obviously, the current research on biomass pyrolysis refining lacks the idea of ​​biomass pyrolysis refining-gradient directional transformation, so it cannot realize the further high-value utilization of biomass