Preparation method for polymer base nanometer composite material with highly oriented nanoparticles in polymer matrix

Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method for a polymer base nanometer composite material with highly oriented nanoparticles in the polymer matrix, and belongs to the technical field of polymer materials. The preparation method comprises that during a foaming process of a polymer nanometer composite material formed by carrying out melt co-mixing on a polymer and nanoparticles, external force is applied to make the foam hole in the material grow along the uniaxial direction in an oriented growth manner, and the polymer flows under the double induction of the external force and the foam hole growth to achieve the high orientation of the nanoparticles so as to obtain the polymer base nanometer composite material with the highly oriented nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. The method has advantages of simple operation, mild condition, high orientation degree of the nanoparticles in the prepared polymer nanometer composite material, and the like.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of polymer materials, and in particular relates to a preparation method of a polymer-based nanocomposite material in which nanoparticles are highly oriented in a polymer matrix. Background technique [0002] Polymer / inorganic nanocomposites have received extensive attention from industry and academia for many years. This type of composite material composed of nanoparticles and polymer matrix has higher mechanical and physical properties than pure polymers and traditional composite materials, and at the same time is functional, and has a wide range of applications in many fields. In polymer / inorganic nanocomposites, the dispersion and distribution of nanoparticles play a decisive role in the performance of materials. Many studies have shown that the orientation of nanoparticles can make polymer nanocomposites have better physical and mechanical properties. For example, Padsiadlo et al. used the layer-by-laye...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] At present, the methods to achieve the orderly arrangement of nanoparticles mainly include: 1) layer-by-layer self-assembly method, that is, using the interaction between nanoparticles and polymers (such as electrostatic adsorption) to realize the stacking orientation of nanoparticles; 2) pressure-induced flow, That is, at a certain temperature, a high pressure is applied to the composite material, and the flow of the composite material in the axial direction under the high pressure leads to the orientation of the nanoparticles along the flow direction. Propylene / Montmorillonite Nanocomposite (Yu, Muhuo. et al. The Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene / Montmorillonite (UHMWPE / MMT) Nanocomposites Hybrid Gel Using Pressure-Induced Flow (PIF) Processing. Donghua University Journal (English version), 2011, ; 3) Stretch-induced particle orientation, this method is mainly used to prepare thin films or fiber materials, through high-speed stretching to achieve high orientation of nanoparticles along the stretching direction; 3) Applied electric field or magnetic field , this method is mainly aimed at nanoparticles with charge or magnetism, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, Fe 3 o 4 Nanoparticles, etc., realize the orientation of nanoparticles by electric field or magnetic field; the above methods can effectively realize the orientation of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix, but there are also their own shortcomings, such as the complex operation of the layer-by-layer self-assembly method, The cycle is long, and at the same time, only thin film materials with small thickness can be prepared; pressure-induced flow requires a large pressure (tens to hundreds of MPa) to achieve the orientation of nanoparticles; stretch induction is limited to the preparation of thin films and fiber materials , the types of materials are limited; to achieve the arrangement of nanoparticles in the polymer melt by applying an external magnetic field or electric field, a very high field strength is required

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