Biomass gasification device and preparation method of biomass synthesis gas

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass gasification device and a preparation method of biomass synthesis gas. The biomass gasification device is characterized by comprising a rotary kiln, a cyclone dust remover, a heat exchanger, a bag dust collector, an induced draught fan, a desulfurizing device and a synthetic gas storage tank sequentially communicated with each other, wherein the rotary kiln comprises a dry distillation pyrolysis section, an oxidation reaction section and a reductive restructuring section; the dry distillation pyrolysis section is provided with a heating jacket and a biocarbonblanking device; the reductive restructuring section is provided with a heating thermostatic apparatus; an emergency release device is arranged between the cyclone dust remover and the rotary kiln; asynthetic gas backflow device is arranged between the emergency release device and the reductive restructuring section of the rotary kiln. According to the biomass gasification device and the preparation method of the biomass synthesis gas disclosed by the invention, the defect of an existing biomass preparation and biomass gasification technology is overcome.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass energy chemical industry, and in particular relates to a biomass gasification device and a preparation method of biomass synthesis gas. Background technique [0002] With the decrease of traditional fossil energy reserves and the environmental pollution caused by the use of fossil energy, it has become the consensus of governments of all countries to attach importance to and develop renewable and environmentally friendly energy. Biomass is a variety of organisms formed directly or indirectly through photosynthesis. It is widely distributed and available in large quantities. It is the only renewable natural raw material that contains hydrocarbon components and heat energy and can be stored. Using biomass for energy utilization and chemical production is clean, environmentally friendly, and CO 2 With the characteristics of zero emission, it has become a new energy that is prioritized by countries a...

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Problems solved by technology

[0006] CN102676236B discloses a three-stage separation biomass gasification method and device. The upper part is a pyrolysis chamber and the lower part is a gasification chamber. The two are connected by a feeding pipe. The three processes of the biomass gasification generation system are completely separated. The structure is similar to a fixed bed, and there are problems of uneven temperature in the furnace and insufficient conversion of tar

[0007] CN201032153Y discloses a horizontal rotary gasifier with honeycomb grate. The gasification agent is sent into the furnace through the small holes of the honeycomb in the hollow channel of the grate. As a result, the gasification agent is directly mixed with the fuel, and the output gas is reduced, and finally the biomass gasification efficiency is always <50%, which is difficult to improve

[0008] CN204358732U discloses a horizontal rotary gasifier with a wheel grate for domestic waste. Its retort zone, oxidation zone and reduction zone are integrated into a general formula. Difficult to control, internally heated rotary kiln leads to low calorific value of syngas

[0009] CN101839488B discloses a combined gasification and incineration process of oily sludge, urban sludge, coal gangue, municipal solid waste and biomass rotary kiln, which focuses on the harmless disposal of pollutants in combustible solid waste, and the obtained crude gas heat Low value, complex composition, high purification cost

The furnace type is a fixed bed, with high failure rate, inconvenient feeding, uneven heat transfer in the furnace, three-stage blow-by gas, etc.

[0013] Among the published patents for the gasification of biomass in rotary kilns, there are still defects in the structure of gasification equipment, high failure rate, large temperature fluctuations in the furnace, low gasification efficiency, high tar content in syngas, low calorific value, inconvenient feeding and Therefore, it is necessary to propose a biomass gasification method and device with simple design, reasonable function and efficient operation

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