1043 results about "Biomass gasification" patented technology

A waste-to-synthesis gas system including: a first gasifier for receiving biomass; a gas distributor for delivering reactant gas and oxygen into the first gasifier in a countercurrent direction to the biomass flow and to define a plurality of reaction regions including a drying region, a pyrolysis region, a gasification region and a combustion region; and, a second gasifier for receiving gases from the plurality of regions of the first gasifier and a gas distributor for delivering reactant gas and oxygen into the second gasifier in a concurrent direction to the flow of gases from the first gasifier. As a result, no carbon chars, oils or tars are expected to be present in the synthesis gas produced.

Porous-material-supported polymer sorbents and process for removal of undesirable gases such as H₂S, COS, CO₂, N₂O, NO, NO₂, SO₂, SO₃, HCl, HF, HCN, NH₃, H₂O, C₂H₅OH, CH₃OH, HCHO, CHCl₃, CH₂Cl₂, CH₃Cl, CS₂, C₄H₄S, CH₃SH, and CH₃—S—CH₃ from various gas streams such as natural gas, coal/biomass gasification gas, biogas, landfill gas, coal mine gas, ammonia syngas, H₂ and oxo-syngas, Fe ore reduction gas, reformate gas, refinery process gases, indoor air, fuel cell anode fuel gas and cathode air are disclosed. The sorbents have numerous advantages such as high breakthrough capacity, high sorption/desorption rates, little or no corrosive effect and are easily regenerated. The sorbents may be prepared by loading H₂S—, COS—, CO₂—, N₂O, NO—, NO₂—, SO₂—, SO₃—, HCl—, HF—, HCN—, NH₃—, H₂O—, C₂H₅OH—, CH₃OH—, HCHO—, CHCl₃—, CH₂Cl₂—, CH₃Cl—, CS₂—, C₄H₄S—, CH₃SH—, CH₃—S—CH₃-philic polymer(s) or mixtures thereof, as well as any one or more of H₂S—, COS—, CO₂—, N₂O, NO—, NO₂—, SO₂—, SO₃—, HCl—, HF—, HCN—, NH₃—, H₂O—, C₂H₅OH—, CH₃OH—, HCHO—, CHCl₃—, CH₂Cl₂—, CH₃Cl—, CS₂—, C₄H₄S—, CH₃SH—, CH₃—S—CH₃-philic compound(s) or mixtures thereof on to porous materials such as mesoporous, microporous or macroporous materials. The sorbents may be employed in processes such as one-stage and multi-stage processes to remove and recover H₂S, COS, CO₂, N₂O, NO, NO₂, SO₂, SO₃, HCl, HF, HCN, NH₃, H₂O, C₂H₅OH, CH₃OH, HCHO, CHCl₃, CH₂Cl₂, CH₃Cl, CS₂, C₄H₄S, CH₃SH and CH₃—S—CH₃ from gas streams by use of, such as, fixed-bed sorbers, fluidized-bed sorbers, moving-bed sorbers, and rotating-bed sorbers.

The invention discloses a kind of biomass gasifying method and device. The technology through separating the two courses of solid biomass pyrogenation and decomposition and gasification of the pyrogenation outcome, then transform the biomass into flammable gas of rather low tar content. Firstly send biomass into the pyrogenation reactor, without oxidant in; have pyrogenation reaction at 400 - 650 Deg. C, the pyrogenation outcome including pyrogenation gas and remaining charcoal gets into pyrogenation carburetor, and have incomplete oxidizing combustion reaction with sent oxidant, to form a high temperature of 900 - 1100 Deg. C. At the time, the heavy hydrocarbon substance of tar decomposes into small molecule gas, and the decomposed gas leaves out of the carburetor after having deoxidizing reaction with the nether blazing carbon layer. The high temperature gas is provided for consumers' use after depurated and cooled. The gas produced by the invention has very low tar content, which makes the following depurating equipment simple, won't produce second pollution and makes the raw materials widely used. The produced fuel gas can be used in civil filed and directly used for generating electricity.

A method, apparatus, and system for a solar-driven chemical plant that may include a solar thermal receiver having a cavity with an inner wall, where the solar thermal receiver is aligned to absorb concentrated solar energy from one or more of 1) an array of heliostats, 2) solar concentrating dishes, and 3) any combination of the two. Some embodiments may include a solar-driven chemical reactor having multiple reactor tubes located inside the cavity of solar thermal receiver, wherein a chemical reaction driven by radiant heat occurs in the multiple reactor tubes, and wherein particles of biomass are gasified in the presence of a steam (H2O) carrier gas and methane (CH4) in a simultaneous steam reformation and steam biomass gasification reaction to produce reaction products that include hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas using the solar thermal energy from the absorbed concentrated solar energy in the multiple reactor tubes.

A Waste to Liquid Hydrocarbon Refinery System that transforms any municipal solid wastes and hazardous industrial wastes, Biomass or any carbon containing feedstock into synthetic hydrocarbon, particularly, but not exclusively, diesel and gasoline and/or electricity and co-generated heat, comprising three major subsystems: i) the Pyro-Electric Thermal Converter (PETC) (10) and Plasma Arc (PA) waste and biomass gasification subsystem (1); ii) the hydrocarbon synthesis subsystem (2); and iii) the electricity generation and heat co-generation subsystem (3).

The present invention relates to a method for synthesizing dimethyl ether by high-effectively cleanly utilizing biomass. It utilizes the gasified gas produced by catalytic gasification of biomass air-water vapor, and makes the gasified gas undergo the process of methane reformation to prepare synthetic gas, and utilizes the synthetic gas to directly synthesize clean fuel dimethyl ether.

The invention relates to a process, a system and a device for waste biomass multi-production processing, in particular to a waste biomass gasification and liquefaction treatment system. The gasification treatment is performed to the waste biomass, the gas is used for producing clean energy and chemical raw materials, the furnace slag is used for producing building materials or fertilizer and the waste heat is used for electric power generation and heat supply so as to realize the environmental-friendly municipal solid waste treatment and the ecological environment protection. The system mainlycomprises a gas-phase circulation gasification furnace, a flue gas circulation air tube, a flue gas circulation fan, a dust-removal/purifying tower and a synthesis reactor and is characterized in that the gas-phase circular reaction is performed to the flue gas in the gasification furnace, the water vapor and the gaseous matter generated during the pyrolysis to obtain hydrogen-rich synthetic gas,and meanwhile, the dioxin (violent in toxicity) is broken up; and the post treatment is performed to the hydrogen-rich synthetic gas to generate city gas, methanol, dimethyl ether or hydrogen. The system has the advantages of full gasification of the solid raw material, no pollutant discharge, extremely low exhaust emission and easy purifying treatment, and the device is flexible in size and is feasible for popularization.

The various embodiments of the present invention relate generally to the process of gasification and the production of synthesis gas. More particularly, the various embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the process of biomass gasification and the reduction or elimination of tars from the hydrocarbon-rich product gas derived from biomass gasification. The present invention comprises systems and methods for the reduction of tar from a synthesis gas derived from biomass gasification.

This method of upgrading a biomass comprises: an upgrading step for performing upgrading treatment of a cellulose based biomass with an oxygen/carbon atomic ratio of at least 0.5, in presence of water and under a pressure of at least saturated water vapor pressure, and reducing said oxygen/carbon atomic ratio of said biomass to no more than 0.38, and a separation step for separating an upgraded reactant obtained from said upgrading step into a solid component and a liquid component.

The invention relates to integrated processes for producing industrial chemicals, such as alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters, aldehydes, olefins and polymers from biomass. In one embodiment, the invention is to a process comprising the steps of (a) introducing biomass and an oxygen stream to a gasifier and converting the biomass into a product gas, wherein the gasifier is operated at a pressure of at least 10 bar; (b) compressing the product gas at a compression ratio that is less than 5:1 to form compressed product gas; (c) directing a first portion of the compressed product gas to an alcohol synthesis reactor to produce methanol; (d) directing a second portion of the compressed product gas to a gas separator to produce a hydrogen stream and a carbon monoxide stream; (e) reacting the carbon monoxide stream with the methanol to produce acetic acid; and (f) reacting the hydrogen stream with acetic acid to produce ethanol.

Among other things, the present invention encompasses the applicant's recognition that epoxide carbonylation can be performed industrially utilizing syngas streams containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and varying amounts carbon dioxide. Contrary to expectation, the epoxide carbonylation reaction proceeds selectively in the presence of these mixed gas streams and incorporates excess CO in the syngas stream into valuable chemical precursors, resulting in hydrogen streams substantially free of CO. This is economically and environmentally preferable to performing WSGR which releases the excess carbon as CO2. The integrated processes herein therefore provide improved carbon efficiency for processes based on coal or biomass gasification or steam methane reforming.

The present invention relates to the method of extracting hydrogen from biomass, and is especially the solid heat carrier catalyzing and gasifying method of preparing hydrogen-rich gas from biomass.The method includes mixed heating of solid heat carrier catalyst and biomass, fast thermolysis of biomass, catalytic gasifying and regeneration circulation of solid catalyst grain. The catalyst as solid heat carrier has accumulated heat for gasifying biomass. The technological apparatus consists of mobile bed reactor, material feeder, regenerating riser tube, catalyst storage tank, etc. The present invention makes the hydrogen in biomass converted into hydrogen gas at most, and the continuous switch-less regeneration of catalyst solves the problem of fast deactivation of catalyst. The present invention has low tar content, simple operation and high gas product purity, and is new technological process with great potential.

The invention discloses device and method for preparing hydrogen-rich gas by gasifying biomass. The device mainly comprises a pyrolysis reactor, a combustion reactor, a gasification reactor, a gas-solid separator, a gas cooler and an exhaust heat boiler, wherein the pyrolysis reactor is arranged in the combustion reactor. In a process course, the biomass is firstly pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis reactor to generate pyrolysis gas and coke, the pyrolysis gas is directly combusted to provide heat for biomass pyrolysis and gasification, and the coke is subjected to gasification reaction with water vapor to obtain the hydrogen-rich gas. The device and method disclosed by the invention realize the separation of the pyrolysis process and coke gasification process of the biomass and can be used for displacing the hydrogen contained in the water vapor by sufficiently utilizing fixed carbon contained in the biomass. According to the device and method, the obtained hydrogen-rich gas mainly contains H2, CO2 and a small amount of CO, so that the conventionally gasified hydrogen-rich gas product is prevented from being mixed with low-carbon hydrocarbon gas and tar, and the subsequent decontamination and purification utilization are simple, convenient and economic.

A system and process capable of promoting the energy content of a syngas produced from a biomass material. The system and process entail compacting a loose biomass material and simultaneously introducing the compacted biomass material into an entrance of a reactor tube, and then heating the compacted biomass material within the tube to a temperature at which organic molecules within the biomass material break down to form ash and a fuel gas mixture. The fuel gas mixture is withdrawn from the tube and the ash is removed from the tube through an exit thereof. The entrance and exit of the tube, the compaction step, and the removal step cooperate to inhibit ingress of air into the tube by forming a plug of the biomass material at the entrance of the tube and a plug of ash at the exit of the tube.

The invention discloses a harmless gasification treating process for a medical waste. By the process, the water content of a biomass gasification auxiliary material is less than 40 percent, and the particle diameter is controlled to be between 0 and 10mm. The treating process comprises the following steps of: mixing the medical waste with the biomass gasification auxiliary material in volume ratio into a mixture, wherein metal and glass are removed from the medical waste and the medical waste is subjected to solid-liquid separation, adding the mixture into a medical waste treating gasification furnace at the speed of 1 to 50kg/h, operating a balance wheel to compress the mixture, covering a top cover, opening an exhaust pipe and a valve which is arranged on a primary air supply pipe, closing a valve on a secondary air supply pipe, starting a fan, and adjusting the temperature of the medical waste treating gasification furnace; and when flue gas which contains much and steam is exhausted, closing a valve on an exhaust pipe, opening a valve of the secondary air supply pipe, filtering crude gas generated by the medical waste treating gasification furnace through a silk bamboo net in a purified gas conveying pipe, and conveying purified gas into a gas burning tower. The treating process for the medical waste can perform harmless gasification treatment on the medical waste, saves transportation cost and treatment cost, and is obvious in social benefit and environment-friendly benefit.

The invention relates to a biomass vaporizing combustion coupled type cyclone boiler, solving the problems of low thermal efficiency, high tar content in vaporizing gas, easy scorification of a high-temperature heating surface and the like existing in the current biomass boiler, and comprising a jacketed type boiler body and a feeding device thereof, a primary air fan, a secondary air fan, a water circulating pump, an ash slurry pond and a flue water fog deduster. The invention has the technical points that the secondary air fan is connected with the jacket of the boiler body, and an atomizing nozzle is arranged on the inner side of an outer boiler wall; secondary air and water vapour tangential jet holes are distributed on the circumference of an inner boiler wall; one end of a small spiral feeder of the feeding device is connected with the inner cavity of a vaporizing combustion chamber, and the other end is connected with the secondary air fan by a feeding air valve; the vaporizing combustion chamber and a complete combustion chamber are communicated. The invention has reasonable structure design and stable operation and strengthens effects of heat transfer and fuel vaporization, which can increase the transformation efficiency of biomass energy and heat values of biomass fuel vaporizing products, and thus, the biomass fuel is completely and sufficiently burnt, thereby saving energy, increasing the heat efficiency of the boiler, protecting environment and reducing environmental pollution.

A method and apparatus for gasifying a plasma and calcium oxide cooperating with gasified rubbish biomass, relating to the rubbish processing and new energy resource field, characterized in that, the rubbish biomass is fed into a suspending fluidized bed thermal decomposition furnace, meanwhile, the heated fluidization material is circularly fed into the thermal decomposition furnace and is mixed with the raw materials to transfer heat, so that the rubbish biomass raw material is heated to decompose, and then the thermal decomposed gas and solid carbocoal is fed into a turbulent fluidized bed gasification furnace, the water vapor is heated over 3100 DEG C and is sprayed into the gasification furnace by a plasma spray gun, the water vapor is reacted with the solid carbocoal to generate carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas, the required heat of the gasification reaction in the gasification furnace can be provided by the plasma spray gun and an exothermal reaction of the calcium oxide absorbing the carbon dioxide. According to the invention, synthesis gas can be produced by rubbish and biomass raw materials under the condition without air or oxygen, the main ingredients of the synthesis gas are hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide which can be directly used for city gas or producing hydrogen gas, methanol and dimethyl ether and so on clean energies.

A method of degrading and cleansing combustible gases produced during gasifying biological matters. It comprises) passing a cracking machine with a moving bed, the combustible gases will be cracked by high-temperature and catalysis in the charcoal bed at 800-1200degree C, most of tar is removed; b)reducing the temperature of combustible gases from 800degree C to 300-350degree C; c) dedusting by static electricity at a high-voltage electric field of 80000 volts, reducing the temperature to 250-300degree Cú”(d) washed by water, debusting and detarring, reducing the temperature to 60-80degree Cú”(E) washing, filtering and reducing the temperature to below 40degree C, the contents of tar and dust in the combustible gases will be reduced below 50mg/Nm3. The invention could remove completely dust and tar in combustible gases.