326 results about "Renewable biomass" patented technology

The invention relates to a method for preparing aromatic hydrocarbon and cyclopentenone from biomass derivative gamma-valerolactone by catalytic conversion, which comprises the following steps: (1) using biomass derivative gamma-valerolactone as a raw material, which is prepared by carrying out hydrogenation reaction on levulinic acid; (2) introducing one or more transition metals into a zeolite molecular sieve, and preparing a reaction catalyst at the reaction temperature of 350-550 DEG C by using a fixed bed or fluid bed as a reactor; (3) in an inert or reducing atmosphere, carrying out contact reaction on the raw material gamma-valerolactone and catalyst under the reaction pressure of 0-10 MPa; and (4) after the pyrolysis gas is condensed, collecting the liquid product in the condensation receiver, thereby obtaining the aromatic hydrocarbon product (of benzene, toluene and xylene) and the cyclopentenone product. By using the renewable biomass derivative gamma-valerolactone as the raw material, the method has the advantage of milder reaction conditions, and the catalyst is simple to prepare and easy to recover and reuse.

A system and apparatus is provided that maximizes mass and energy conversion efficiencies in an integrated thermochemical process for the conversion of fossil fuel or renewable biomass to synthesis gas. The system combines gasification, catalytic conversion of gas to liquid, electricity generation, steam and chilled water generation with a system controller to maximize the conversion efficiency from syngas to merchantable products over the efficiency of syngas alone burned as a fuel. A clean synthesis gas stream is introduced into a catalytic reactor that utilizes specially formulated catalysts to generate liquid fuel from CO and H₂ while concentrating CH₄ and other combustible, but non-reactive gases in the syngas product stream. The methane rich stream is introduced into an engine for the production of electricity and heat while the unreacted CO and H₂ can be recycled to produce additional liquid fuel. Excess heat can be used for other co-located processes and facilities.

A process and apparatus are described for generating electrical energy using grains or other renewable biomass as the fuel, and for producing fertilizer to grow subsequent crops. In the process, a biomass material is incinerated in a firebox of a boiler to power a first turbine to create electricity. An excess air flow is introduced into the firebox to increase NO_x production. The oxidation area of the boiler is operated at a temperature exceeding about 2,000° F., and the flue gases are maintained in the high temperature environment for an increased residence time to increase NO_x production. The flyash from the incinerated biomass is filtered from the flue gases exhausted from the boiler. The NO_x is removed from the filtered flue gases and used to produce a nitrogen fertilizer. The nitrogen fertilizer is blended with the flyash to form a balanced fertilizer product which allows sustainable production of the biomass material.

A processed biochar composition made with an oxygen-starved microwave sub-system from a processed organic-carbon-containing feedstock made with a beneficiation sub-system is described. Renewable biomass feedstock passed through a beneficiation sub-system to reduce water content to below at least 20 wt % and water-soluble salt reduction of at least 60% from that of unprocessed organic-carbon-containing feedstock on a dry basis. The processed feedstock is introduced into a substantially microwave-transparent reaction chamber. A microwave source emits microwaves which are directed through the microwave-transparent wall of the reaction chamber to impinge on the feedstock within the reaction chamber. The microwave source may be rotated relative to the reaction chamber. The feedstock is subjected to microwaves until the desired reaction occurs to produce a solid processed biochar fuel.

The present invention refers to a fuel mixture that contains combustible solid powder and produced by mixing combustible solid powder and liquid fuel. It is in a simple way to make use of renewable biomass materials instead of fossil fuel for driving internal combustion engine to provide powder, in favor of saving fossil fuel resource. And an engine can use the fuel mixture.

The invention belongs to the field of UV curable high-molecular materials and in particular relates to castor-oil-based hyperbranched UV curable polyurethane acrylate and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the steps: firstly, dyhydroxyl propionic acid and castor oil are prepared into hydroxyl terminatedend capped polyfunctional hyperbranched resin through decompression esterification reaction; then a mixture of polyisocyanate and a catalyst is added to react for 2 to 3h; then the certain amount of active diluting monomer is added in stirring to dissolve isocyanato terminatedend capped hyperbranched resin; finally, metric (methyl) acrylate hydroxyalkyl ester is added to react with a polymerization inhibitor for 1.5 to 2.5h to obtain the castor-oil-based hyperbranched UV curable polyurethane acrylate. According to the castor-oil-based hyperbranched UV curable polyurethane acrylate, the castor oil is utilized as a polyurethane raw material; thus, the application range of natural renewable biomass grease products are expanded, the added value of the natural renewable biomass grease products is improved, and the positive popularization significance is achieved.

The invention provides a preparation method and an application of a biomass graphitized porous carbon material, and belongs to the technical fields of preparation of carbon materials and utilization of biological resources. The method comprises the following steps: carbonizing plants used as a carbon source, and fully mixing the carbonized plants with a pore forming agent/catalyst and a solvent to obtain a mixture; and drying the mixture, and carrying out high-temperature heat treatment on the dried mixture in an inert gas atmosphere to finally obtain the graphitized porous carbon material. Renewable biomass is used as the carbon source, the intrinsic microstructure of the biomass is reserved, and the porous form formation and the graphitization of the carbon material are simultaneously completed through a one-step technology, so the preparation method has the advantages of low cost, non-toxicity, greenness, environmental protection, good safety, high efficiency, and realization of large-scale production; and the biomass graphitized porous carbon material has the advantages of large specific surface area and high graphitization degree, and is suitable for being applied to the energy storage field as an electrode material.

A geothermal power system for production of power, and in particular electrical energy, utilizing naturally occurring geothermal energy sources and a method for identifying and converting manmade and natural geological formations into a substantial source of energy and at the same time providing remediation of environmental and safety hazards. Utilizing surface air that is substantially cooler than the geothermal temperature of the subterranean cavern an induced air flow will be produced. This naturally induced air flow will be harnessed and provide the energy to the system power plants for production of electrical energy. The system includes a hydroelectric power system, a geothermal well, underground farms, heat recovery systems, a source of renewable biomass material, and air and water remediation systems.

The invention discloses an air distribution-piston stirling engine. A heat regenerator 6 is arranged in an air distribution piston cylinder body 5a and moves with an air distribution piston 5; a tube stack of a cooling tube 17 divides a cold cavity cylinder into an upper cold cavity cylinder 23 and a lower cold cavity cylinder 19; an air distribution piston rod 18 runs through a guide tube 12a of the air distribution piston rod on a cooler 12 and a guide hole 21a of the air distribution piston rod on a power piston 21 and slides in the guide tube 12a of the air distribution piston rod and the guide hole 21a thereof on the power piston 21. The improved mechanical structure of the invention reduces the volume, weight and manufacturing cost of the air distribution-piston stirling engine and enhances the efficiency and lengthens the service life of the air distribution-piston stirling engine. The air distribution-piston stirling engine of the invention can use solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and renewable biomass fuels and heat resources such as solar energy, and is characterized by wide source range of fuels and heat resources, high heating efficiency and environmental friendliness, which will be widely applied through future social production practice.

The invention discloses a biomass downdraft type gasification air and heat supply system which comprises a gasification system, a heat supply system and a control system. The gasification system comprises a feeding system, a gasification reduction system, an ash discharge deslagging system and a dust removal cooling system. The heat supply system comprises a waste heat recycling hot water system and a cooling system. The feeding system, the gasification reduction system and the ash discharge deslagging system are sequentially connected from top to bottom. The dust removal cooling system is connected with the ash discharge deslagging system. The hot water system is arranged on the periphery of the gasification system and the dust removal cooling system. The cooling system is connected with the hot water system. The biomass downdraft type gasification air and heat supply system has the advantages that the complete gasification and heat supply system is formed, scientific planning is performed, and the clean and environment-friendly automatic air and heat supply system is formed. The sub devices are scientific and compact in structure, the automatic level is high, use is convenient, gas is produced efficiently, the outlet gas is clean and low in temperature, and energy conservation and environmental protection are achieved; the positive pushing effect is achieved for extended application of renewable biomass energy.

The invention relates to environment-friendly biomass fuel with good formability. The biomass fuel is renewable biomass fuel free of any harmful substance, which is prepared by mixing wood dust powder and an additive, wherein the additive is high clay having high viscosity and strong adsorptive power; and the biomass fuel is prepared by mixing the wood dust and the additive according to a ratio of 9:1. The high clay additive is beneficial to formation of wood dust particles, and the multiporous fiber-like structure of the high clay additive can adsorb tar in flue gas from a heating system in the biomass fuel processing course, thereby preventing the tar from being attached to a granulator and a chimney and further avoiding influencing the granulating effect. Besides, the additive also solves the problem that the tar is difficult to remove and clean.

The invention discloses a cellulose environment-friendly synthesis method of nano silver particles. The cellulose environment-friendly synthesis method comprises the following steps of: placing cellulose and silver sulfate in a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, adding deionized water, fully stirring to ensure that the cellulose, the silver sulfate and the deionized water are uniformly mixed; and loading the lining in a high-pressure autoclave and placing in an oven, heating for 10-24h at a temperature of 180-210 DEG C, taking out and then naturally cooling; centrifuging or suction-filtering and separating a cooled product to obtain the nano silver particles. According to the cellulose environmental-friendly synthesis method, other chemical agents are not needed to be introduced, renewable biomass resources can be utilized, and the convenience is brought for the operation; the synthesized nano silver particles are controllable in morphology and size, uniform in dispersion, and high in yield; and the synthesized nano silver particles are not agglomerated.

The invention belongs to the field of material preparation and pollutant treatment, and discloses a preparation method and application of a hydrophobic low-density pomelo peel carbon airgel. The invention uses fresh pomelo peels as raw materials, and is prepared by means of hydrothermal carbonization, freeze-drying and high-temperature pyrolysis. First, remove the outer skin and pulp of grapefruit to obtain fluffy grapefruit peel raw materials, which are hydrothermally carbonized in a high-temperature reactor; then, use a constant temperature water bath to wash away impurities, and then freeze-dry; then pyrolyze under nitrogen protection at high temperature, The oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface are removed to obtain a hydrophobic, lightweight and porous biomass carbon aerogel. The carbon airgel exhibited high adsorption capacity for oil and organic solvents. The pomelo peel used in the present invention is a cheap and renewable biomass material, which not only reduces the preparation cost of carbon aerogels, but also alleviates the environmental pollution problems that waste biomass may cause, and its products can also effectively It can effectively remove oil and organic solvent pollution in the water body, which is beneficial to environmental protection.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a synthetic natural gas by a coke oven gas in combination with a straw gas. The method comprises the following seven steps of: regulation of feed gas components, compression purification, pre-heating treatment and adding of water vapor, primary section of methanation reaction, secondary section of methanation reaction, gas-liquid separation, and pressure swing adsorption for purifying methanol to finally obtain the synthetic natural gas with CH4 concentration being more than 90%. According to the method for preparing the synthetic natural gas by the coke oven gas in combination with the straw gas, the coke oven gas and biomass renewable energy source straw gas are comprehensively used according to the characteristics of much hydrogen and less carbon in the coke oven gas and less hydrogen and much carbon in the straw gas to prepare the synthetic natural gas, energy exchange is fully utilized, circulating compression is reduced, energy is saved and emission is reduced, the economic benefit is improved, the environmental protection is facilitated, and the renewable biomass energy is developed to replace fossil energy.

The invention discloses a one-pot cellulose hydrothermal synthesis method for preparing a high-draw-ratio silver nanowire. The method comprises the following steps: adding cellulose, silver sulfate, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and deionized water into a polytetrafluoroethylene liner at one time, and performing full stirring and uniform mixing; filling the liner into a high-pressure kettle, and putting the liner into an oven or a muffle furnace; heating for 10 to 24 h at the temperature of 180 to 200 DEG C, and taking the liner out for natural cooling; and performing centrifugal separation or suction filtration separation on a cooled product to obtain the high-draw-ratio silver nanowire. By using renewable biomass resources, the method is easy to operate; the silver nanowire is generated by one-pot; and the average diameter of the obtained silver nanowire is 90 to 350 nm, the draw ratio is more than 200, and the silver nanowire is uniform in size and high in yield.

The invention relates to a novel method for preparing vinyl acetate from bioethanol. Ethanol is fermented into finished yeast mash used as the raw material, and three cells, i.e. bio-ethylene preparation, vinyl acetate synthetic reaction, vinyl acetate refinement, are used for producing the vinyl acetate product satisfying the requirements. The method is realized in a way that: the mass concentration of the ethanol water solution from an ethanol distillation tower is 40-60%, and the raw material ethanol used for preparing ethylene through dehydration does not need to be diluted by adding water, and is directly vaporized by heating and conveyed into an ethylene reactor; after cooling to condense the ethylene reaction gas from an ethylene reactor, gas is separated from liquid in a gas/liquid separating tank, and the gas mainly containing the ethylene is conveyed to a vinyl acetate reaction unit to synthesize the vinyl acetate after being compressed by using an ethylene compressor, thereby realizing zero consumption of process water in the ethylene production process. Thus, the invention simplifies and shortens the production process and reduces the energy consumption and material consumption in the vinyl acetate production process. By using the method, renewable biomass materials in the vinyl acetate production process can partially replace unrenewable fossil materials.

The invention provides a method for preparing biomass-based methanol, which comprises the following steps: a) cracking biomass to form biological oil vapor and biomass carbon powder; b) performing gas-solid separation of the biological oil vapor and performing a water vapor reforming reaction to obtain a biological oil reformed synthesis gas; c) grinding and mixing the biomass carbon powder, a catalyst and a bonding agent, drying the mixture, performing a reduction reaction by using hydrogen, heating the product of the reduction, performing a coal gasification reaction and a reverse coal gasification reaction of the product of the reduction and the biological oil reformed synthesis gas, condensing and drying the obtained mixed gas to obtain biomass reformed-modified synthesis gas; and d) performing a synthesis reaction of the biomass reformed-modified synthesis gas, condensing the obtained reaction tail gas, and obtaining the biomass-based methanol from a liquid product. The method can effectively convert a biomass-based synthesis gas into the biomass-based methanol, uses the rich, environmentally-friendly and renewable biomass as a raw material, achieves high methanol yield and selectively, makes reaction conditions mild and can be used for industrial production.

The invention provides a method for preparing biodiesel through catalysis of a natural biomass solid acid catalyst. The method comprises the following steps: 1, washing, drying and crushing the natural biomass, weighing and impregnating the crushed biomass, and taking out and drying the biomass; 2, impregnating acidified biomass in a metal salt solution, taking out and drying; 3, placing the biomass loaded with metal salt in a muffle furnace for roasting to obtain a natural biomass solid acid catalyst; and 4, adding the prepared biomass solid acid catalyst, short chain alcohol and oil into a batch reactor for esterification and an ester exchange reaction; after the reaction, conducting reduced pressure distillation to remove excessive short chain alcohol; and standing to delaminate glycerol and biodiesel produced in the reaction, wherein the biodiesel product is on an upper layer. According to the invention, natural renewable biomass is used as a raw material for direct acidification, without carbonization, so as to realize low cost and high biological diesel oil yield; besides, the prepared catalyst has advantages of good mechanical strength, particle size conducive to recovery, and no secondary pollution.

The invention provides a novel sodium salt cardanol surfactant, which has the following structural formula, wherein R represents C15H31. The invention also provides a preparation method for the novel sodium salt cardanol surfactant. High-purity cardanol extracted from natural cashew nut shells is innocuous and light in color; and the innocuous environment-friendly novel cardanol surfactant with excellent performance can be obtained by sulfonation reaction of the regenerative biomass cardanol and alkali neutralization. Meanwhile, the novel sodium salt cardanol surfactant has the advantages of good hydraulic lubricating property, strong detergency, moderate foam, good dissolution, low skin irritation, good biodegradability and good compatibility with other surfactants.

The invention provides a method for synthesizing a perovskite LaCoO3 composite oxide material from bagasse and relates to the perovskite type composite oxide material. The method comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving lanthanum nitrate and cobalt nitrate into water to form a mixed solution, adding with bagasse, and drying to obtain xerogel; and (2) igniting xerogel obtained in the step (1) to obtain black precursor powder, pre-decomposing black precursor powder in a muffle furnace, and calcining, so as to obtain the perovskite LaCoO3 composite oxide material. The perovskite-structured LaCoO3 composite oxide material is prepared by directly complexing and burning bagasse with metal salt, so that the process is simple, and the cost is low; the method is a novel method for preparing perovskite type nano materials from renewable biomasses.

The invention discloses a cardanol modified waterborne epoxy curing agent and a preparation method thereof. The cardanol modified waterborne epoxy curing agent is prepared by taking cardanol and polyethylene glycol as raw materials through the following steps: firstly, synthesizing polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and cardanol glycidyl ether respectively; then dropwise adding the polyethyleneglycol diglycidyl ether and fatty amine to react; and adding the cardanol glycidyl ether and carrying out reaction to prepare a product. The epoxy curing agent has water dispersibility and the viscosity is relatively low and is 1000 to 4000mpa.s, so that the epoxy curing agent can be stably stored under the condition that no diluting agent exists and is used for epoxy resin coating. According to the cardanol modified waterborne epoxy curing agent, the raw material cardanol is low in price, is easy to obtain and is a renewable biomass energy source; the structure contains a benzene ring rigid structure and a long-chain hydrocarbonyl substituent group, so that the thermal stability and mechanical properties of an epoxy resin cured product are improved; the curing agent which takes water as adispersion medium is convenient to use and can be constructed on a low-temperature and damp structure to form a film; and the content of VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) is low and an energy-saving and environment-friendly development concept is met better.

The invention relates to a high molecular thermoplastic elastomer technology, and aims to provide a polylactic acid/hydrogenated polybutadiene thermoplastic supramolecular elastomer and a preparation method thereof. The polylactic acid/hydrogenated polybutadiene thermoplastic supramolecular elastomer contains a PLA-PEB-PLA triblock copolymer containing a PLA block and a PEB block as a basic unit; and the terminal group of the basic unit is a 2-carbamido-4[1H]-pyrimidone group capable of forming quadruple hydrogen bonds. According to the high molecular thermoplastic elastomer technology, by adjusting the proportions of PLA and PEB, the intensity and the modulus of the elastomer are easy to adjust; because a UPy group is used as the structural unit, the elastomer is high in binding force and has reversibility; the prepared elastomer has better mechanical property; simultaneously, the elastomer also has the functions of memorizing shapes, self-repairing and the like; PLA is used as the hard section of the supramolecular elastomer; PLA can be prepared on the basis of renewable biomass resources and degraded after being used; and the polylactic acid/hydrogenated polybutadiene thermoplastic supramolecular elastomer is low in pollution to the environment, environmentally friendly and resource-saving.