The invention relates to a quick epoxy structure adhesive and a preparation method thereof. The adhesive adopts a two-component epoxy resin system, and a component A comprises an epoxy resin mixture, a flexibilizer, a thinner, a coupling reagent, a defoaming agent, filler, a thixotropic agent and color paste. A component B comprises polyether amine, aromatic amine, polyamine of a mannich reaction, a coupling reagent, filler, a thixotropic agent and color paste. Gelation time of the adhesive prepared through the technical scheme at the room temperature is 30 min, and the adhesive can be ground after 1 h. When the adhesive is operated at the temperature over 30 DEG C, and gelation time is 25 min. The shearing strength of an adhesive layer which is 0.5 mm thick is 35.54 MPa under room temperature conditions. Tg is 87 DEG C, the thixotropic property is good, the adhesive layer, which is 0.5 mm thick, of a vertical face does not flow when hung, good state maintaining performance is achieved, constructability is excellent, and the adhesive can be widely used in the adhesion field of quick structural components and the repair and patching field of parts.