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Identifying and modulating molecular pathways that mediate nervous system plasticity

a molecular pathway and neurotransmitter technology, applied in the direction of biocide, drug composition, peptide/protein ingredients, etc., can solve problems such as cognitive impairment, achieve the effects of increasing the formation of new synaptic connections, promoting synaptic reorganization, and increasing the motility of dendritic spines

Inactive Publication Date: 2015-06-25
MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

This patent describes a way to attach a substance to a polymer which can modify its flexibility and enhance the breakdown of proteins. The substance can be delivered in a way that forms a gel when it comes into contact with bodily fluids. This substance can help to reorganize the connections between nerve cells, increase the growth of new connections, and inhibit the decline of existing ones. It can also stabilize the structure of nerve cells and prevent them from dying or becoming inactive.

Problems solved by technology

Mild cognitive impairment in older people.

Method used

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  • Identifying and modulating molecular pathways that mediate nervous system plasticity
  • Identifying and modulating molecular pathways that mediate nervous system plasticity
  • Identifying and modulating molecular pathways that mediate nervous system plasticity

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
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example 1

Identification and Analysis of Genes that are Differentially Regulated Under Visual Deprivation Paradigms

Materials and Methods

[0266]RNA Preparation and Microarray Analysis

[0267]Studies were performed in mice (129 / SvEv) at the peak of the critical period28, postnatal day (P) 27. All animal protocols were approved by MIT's Committee on the Care and Use of Animals and followed NIH guidelines. For monocular deprivation (MD), animals were anesthetized with avertin (0.016 ml / g) and the eyelids of one eye sutured (at P11-12 for 15-16 days for microarray analyses). For dark-reared (DR) animals (aged P27-30), the procedure was the same described above, with the exception that the animals were anesthetized in darkness and not exposed to light until deeply anaesthetized; in these mice only the binocular response was evaluated and compared to that in control animals.

[0268]In a first set of experiments we extracted total RNA from V1 of normally reared P27 mice (control, n=3 samples), from V1 of ...

example 2

Identification of Gene Sets and Pathways Enriched in Genes that are Differentially Regulated in Visual Deprivation Paradigms

Materials and Methods

[0287]Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) considers even small variations in all the mRNA probes of a group of genes, thereby assessing the enrichment of the whole gene set, and is relevant for detecting modest but coordinated changes in the expression of groups of functionally related genes. Such an analysis has particular value when an increase in the activity of several genes in a set could be more important than the strong activation of a single gene in a molecular cascade. Furthermore, the genes in the set typically share some functional or structural properties. Different gene sets have different sizes (for example, the gene set “Channel-passive-transporter” has 238 probes, while the “IGF1 pathway” has 46 probes), and all the probes corresponding to a single gene are reported in each gene set. A recent description of the method44 was ...

example 3

Expression of Selected Proteins Encoded by Differentially Expressed Genes

Materials and Methods

[0294]Immunohistochemistry

[0295]Mice were anesthetized and transcardially perfused with a solution of 4% paraformaldehyde. The appropriate brain hemispheres were removed and equilibrated in 30% sucrose in PBS. Coronal sections containing visual cortex were cut using a freezing microtome. Immunohistochemistry for GluR1 (1:500, Upstate), IGFBP5 (1:500, USBiological), CaMK2alpha (1:500, Sigma), PhosphoCREB (1:500, Cell Signaling), activated Stat1 (1:500, Abeam), parvalbumin (1:1000, Chemicon), calretinin (1:500, Chemicon), somatostatin (1:300, Chemicon), neuropeptideY (1:400, Chemicon), synapsin 1 (1:500, Chemicon), IGF1 (1:250, Chemicon), GAD 67 (1:400, Chemicon), IGF1R (1:500, Upstate), PI3K—catalytic subunit 110 (1:400, Upstate), phosphorylated-Akt (1:250, Cell Signaling), was carried out as described elsewhere82,83. For each staining, analysis was repeated in parallel for control and depri...

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Abstract

The present invention provides methods for identifying genes and pathways involved in plasticity. The invention applies some of these methods to identify genes that are differentially regulated in at least a portion of the nervous system of an individual subjected to conditions known to result in altered nervous system plasticity, i.e., dark rearing (DR) or monocular deprivation (MD). The genes are targets for pharmacological agents that modify plasticity. The invention also identifies biological pathways that are enriched in genes that are differentially regulated under conditions known to result in altered nervous system plasticity. The present invention further provides methods and compositions for modifying plasticity in the nervous system of a subject. The invention includes a method for modifying plasticity in the nervous system of a subject comprising administering a plasticity-modifying agent to the subject, wherein the plasticity-enhancing agent modulates a gene or pathway that is differentially regulated in developmental conditions that alter nervous system plasticity (e.g., DR or MD). The methods and compositions may be administered to a subject suffering from damage to the nervous system or from a neuropsychiatric disorder in order to enhance recovery, reorganization, or function of the nervous system. The methods optionally include administering a proteolysis-enhancing agent to the subject.

Description

RELATED APPLICATIONS[0001]The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to U.S. provisional patent application U.S. Ser. No. 60 / 792,275, filed Apr. 14, 2006, which is incorporated herein by reference.GOVERNMENT SUPPORT[0002]This invention was made with Government Support under Grant No. EY014134 awarded by the NIH. The Government has certain rights in the invention.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0003]Diseases and accidents leading to nervous system damage or degeneration are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in many countries. For example, approximately 700,000 people suffer a first or recurrent stroke annually in the United States, resulting in over 150,000 deaths. Although stroke represents the most common cause of damage to the central nervous system (CNS), a number of other conditions are also significant causes of functional deficits due to loss of brain tissue, either as a direct consequence of injury, or secondary to events such as swelling. A...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): A61K38/30A61K45/06A61K38/21
CPCA61K38/30A61K45/06A61K38/217A61K38/49A61P25/00A61P25/18A61P25/28A61P43/00A61K2300/00
Inventor SUR, MRIGANKATROPEA, DANIELAKREIMAN, GABRIEL
Owner MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH
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