132 results about "Biological pathway" patented technology

The present invention provides methods and systems for testing and confirming how well a network model represents a biological pathway in a biological system. The network model comprises a network of logical operators relating input cellular constituents (e.g., mRNA or protein abundances) to output classes of cellular constituents, which are affected by the pathway in the biological system. The methods of this invention provide, first, for choosing complete and efficient experiments for testing the network model which compare relative changes in the biological system in response to perturbations of the network. The methods also provide for determining an overall goodness of fit of the network model to biological system by: predicting from the network model how output classes behave in response to the chosen experiments, finding measures of relative change of cellular constituents actually observed in the chosen experiments, finding goodnesses of fit of each observed cellular constituent to an output class with which the cellular constituent has the strongest correlation, and determining an overall goodness of fit of the network model from the individual goodnesses of fit of each observed cellular constituent. Additionally, these methods provide for testing the significance of the overall goodness of fit according to a nonparametric statistical test using an empirically determined distribution of possible goodnesses of fit. This invention also provides for computer systems for carrying out the computational steps of these methods.

The present invention provides compositions, kits, assemblies, libraries, arrays, and high throughput methods for large scale structural and functional characterization of gene expression regulatory elements in a genome of an organism, especially in a human genome, that are part of a common pathway. In one aspect of the invention, an array of expression constructs is provided, each of the expression constructs comprising: a nucleic acid segment operably linked with a reporter sequence in an expression vector such that expression of the reporter sequence is under the transcriptional control of the nucleic acid segment. The present invention can have a wide variety of applications such as in personalized medicine, pharmacogenomics, and correlation of polymorphisms with phenotypic traits.

An analytic apparatus and method is provided for diagnosis, prognosis and biomarker discovery using transcriptome data such as mRNA expression levels from microarrays, proteomic data, and metabolomic data. The invention provides for model-based analysis, especially using kernel-based models, and more particularly similarity-based models. Model-derived residuals advantageously provide a unique new tool for insights into disease mechanisms. Localization of models provides for improved model efficacy. The invention is capable of extracting useful information heretofore unavailable by other methods, relating to dynamics in cellular gene regulation, regulatory networks, biological pathways and metabolism.

This invention is to use knowledge pattern learning and search system for selecting microorganisms to produce useful materials and to generate clean energy from wastes, wastewaters, biomass or from other inexpensive sources. The method starts with an in silico screening platform which involves multiple steps. First, the organisms' profiles are compiled by linking the massive genetic and chemical fingerprints in the metabolic and energy-generating biological pathways (e.g. codon usages, gene distributions in function categories, etc.) to the organisms' biological behaviors. Second, a machine learning and pattern recognition system is used to group the organism population into characteristic groups based on the profiles. Lastly, one or a group of microorganisms are selected based on profile match scores calculated from a defined metabolic efficiency measure, which, in term, is a prediction of a desired capability in real life based on an organism's profile. In the example of recovering clean energy from treating wastewaters from food process industries, domestic or municipal wastes, animal or meat-packing wastes, microorganisms' metabolic capabilities to digest organic matter and generate clean energy are assessed using the invention, and the most effective organisms in terms of waste reduction and energy generation are selected based on the content of a biowaste input and a desired clean energy output. By selecting a microorganism or consortia of multiply microorganisms using this method, one can clean the water and also directly generate electricity from Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC), or hydrogen, methane or other biogases from microorganism fermentation. In addition, using similar screening method, clean hydrogen can be recovered first from an anaerobic fermentation process accompanying the wastewater treatment, and the end products from the fermentation process can be fed into a Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) process to generate clean electricity and at the same time treat the wastewater. The invention can be used to first select the hydrogenic microorganisms to efficiently generate hydrogen and to select electrogenic organisms to convert the wastes into electricity. This method can be used for converting wastes to one or more forms of renewable energies.

The present invention relates to methods of treating cancer in a patient by administering a compound useful as an inhibitor of ATR protein kinase in combination with a compound useful as an inhibitor of Chk1 protein kinase. The aforementioned combination displays a surprising synergistic effect in treating cancer despite the targeted protein kinases being within the same biological pathway. Moreover, the present invention also relates to methods of treating cancer by administering a compound useful as an inhibitor of ATR protein kinase; administering a compound useful as an inhibitor of Chk1 protein kinase; as well as administering a DNA damaging agent to a patient.

The compounds utilized in this invention are represented by formula I and formula II:

wherein the variables are as defined herein.

Methods for enhancing the quality of life of a senior or super senior animal by feeding the animal a composition comprising at least one omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and various combinations of amino acids, minerals, and antioxidants in amounts effective to enhance alertness, improve vitality, protect cartilage, maintain muscle mass, enhance digestibility, and improve skin and pelage quality. Changes in expression of genes associated with several biological pathways induced in an animal by feeding it said composition are consistent with an enhanced quality of life.

Compositions for addressing one or more of the effects of aging are described. The compositions comprise a first component comprising repair system activator(s) such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinamide riboside (NR), nicotinic acid adenine mononucleotide (NaMN), nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD), nicotinic acid riboside (NAR), 1-methylnicotinamide (MNM), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and combinations thereof; a second component comprising methyl donor(s), such as S-5'-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), methionine, betaine, choline, folate, vitamin B12, or combinations thereof; and a third component comprising antioxidant defense activators, such as H2O2, N2S, NaSH, Na2S, and several others, including combinations thereof.Methods of administering the disclosed compositions or separate formulations of repair system activator, methyl donors, and antioxidant defense activators are also disclosed.

Significance of biological pathway in disease state is predicted by (a) providing expression level data for a plurality of biomolecules differentially expressed in a disease state, compared with same biomolecules expressed in a non-diseased state: (b) determining presence probability of the biomolecules in disease state; (c) determining effect of each biomolecule from the plurality of biomolecules on the expression of different downstream biomolecules within pathway to provide perturbation factor for each biomolecule in the pathway; (d) combining statistical significance of differentially expressed biomolecules present in the disease state, with a sum of perturbation factors for all of the biomolecules, generating an impact factor; (e) calculating statistical significance of impact factor based upon determined probability of having statistical significant presence of differentially expressed biomolecules in step (b) and the sum of perturbation factors in step (c); and (f) outputting statistical significance of impact factor for the pathway relevant to the disease.

Methods and kits are provided for assessing radiation injury and exposure in a subject. The methods comprise measuring the levels of at least two (2) protein biomarkers from different biological pathways and correlating the levels with an assessment of radiation injury and exposure. Additional use of peripheral blood cell counts and serum enzyme biomarkers, evaluated in the early time frame after a suspected radiation exposure, and use of integrated multiple parameter triage tools to enhance radiation exposure discrimination and assessment are also provided. The information obtained from such methods can be used by a clinician to accurately assess the extent of radiation injury/exposure in the subject, and thus will provide a valuable tool for determining treatment protocols on a subject by subject basis.

The present invention discloses a gene function association network-based method for discovering a chronic disease mechanism and an early warning intervention policy thereof. The method can be applied to the field of related research and application of biology, medicine and pharmacy. Epigenetic changes of the high-risk groups surveyed and discovered according to epidemiology before disease attack are detected, the epigenetic changes before the disease is associated with indicator gene changes of the disease through gene function network analysis, then a long-term molecular mechanism contributing to the disease risk is discovered, and risk early warning for the group, risky diagnosis for an individual, and indicators and methods for preventive intervention are provided. According to the method, a long-term steady biological path or biological function change may leave a mark on related gene epigenetic inheritance, and a chronic disease biological path or biological function level mechanism may be found through analysis of the synergistic effect of epigenetic differences.

The present invention describes methods for carrying out experiments on living cells, including making measurements of the operation transcriptional regulatory processes and indicators of the kinds of processes operating in the cell in response to external stimuli. Image analysis allows for gathering data concerning the flow of information through a cell's genomic regulatory network as it is executing a programmatic change in its activities as a function of said stimuli. The method also allows collection of data of the results of the information-processing in the cell by observing the decisions the cell makes when modulating cellular process activities.

Provided herein is a system and method for analyzing microarray data (transcriptome profiles), metabolite data (metabolome profiles), protein level data (proteome profiles), or any combination thereof to determine the biochemical pathways affected by a treatment. The system and method can be used to generate biochemical pathway information for any organism for which metabolic profile data can be obtained. The system and method may allow users to query the pathways generated and to filter the results of queries based on the -omic profile data, pathways involving molecules of interest, notions of biochemical importance, milestone molecules, and other factors. The system and method may also be suitable for discovery of regulatory sequences in genes. In an exemplary use, the system and method can be utilized to identify three genes involved in “de novo” ammonia “biosynthesis” that are induced by light, and was able to identify a putative cis-element, GWTTGTGG, that is likely involved in the regulation of those genes.

The invention provides a method for identifying genes involved in the NF-kappaB pathway comprised of the steps of determining the level of expression of a gene in an experimental sample obtained from the cells having deficient levels of a component of the NF-kappaB pathway; determining the level of expression of said gene in a control sample obtained from wild type cells having levels of a component of a biological pathway; selecting genes having a level of expression that are modulated in said experimental sample relative to said wild type sample. The invention also provides a method of treating inflammatory related diseases by modulating the activity of IKKalpha.

An information management system for managing biological information (200). The information management system comprises by structured descriptions of biological pathways (700) that are formed of at least pathways (212), biochemical entities (218), connections (216) and interactions (222), such that each pathway (212) relates to one or more connections (216); each connection (216) joins one biochemical entity (218) and one interaction (222); and each pathway (212) relates to a specific location (214).

The invention discloses a cancer individuation intervention strategy selection method based on molecular physiome. The method comprises the following steps that: establishing an intervention response model library; when a new case appears, comparing the new case with the pre-administration proteomics difference of a model; and analyzing biological approaches/ physiological function differences and the like which may be caused by the difference. A sample data type on which the method depends has high dependency with a physiological level phenotype. Proteomics data related to cell physiology and functions including protein and the like can be transcribed and subjected to epigenetic inheritance. The method is more sensitive to the intervention response effect of diseases, can provide rich indexes to observe molecular level physiological changes caused by diseases, and is suitable for clinic transformation and practical popularization.

The present invention provides methods and computer systems for identifying and representing the biological pathways of drug action on a cell The present invention also provides methods and computer systems for assessing the significance of the identified representation and for verifying that the identified pathways are actual pathway of drug action. The present invention also provides methods and computer systems for drug development based on the methods for identifying biological pathways of drug action, and methods and computer systems for representing the biological pathways involved in the effect of an environmental change upon a cell.

The invention discloses a gene for constructing a 5-aminolevulinic acid C4 biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli and a construction method thereof. By analyzing the problems of rate-limiting steps, intermediate supply, product secretion and the like of the 5-aminolevulinic acid C4 biosynthesis pathway, a Rhodobactersphaeroides-derived ALA synthetase gene hemA, a Propionibacterium shermanil-derived coenzyme A transferase gene (Cat) and an Escherichia coli-derived ALA secretor gene (YBi) are cloned; by the aid of a pETDuet-1 co-expression vector, the gene hemA for synthesizing the 5-aminolevulinic acid, the gene Cat for generating the intermediate succinic acid COA for synthesizing the 5-aminolevulinic acid, and the gene Ybi for promoting secretion of the 5-aminolevulinic acid are co-expressed; and the co-expression of the three genes reinforces the biosynthesis of the 5-aminolevulinic acid. The gene with C4 biological pathway enhances the 5-aminolevulinic acid yield of Escherichia coli, and the ALA secreted out of the cells reaches 1124 mg/L.

The present invention provides methods for identifying genes and pathways involved in plasticity. The invention applies some of these methods to identify genes that are differentially regulated in at least a portion of the nervous system of an individual subjected to conditions known to result in altered nervous system plasticity, i.e., dark rearing (DR) or monocular deprivation (MD). The genes are targets for pharmacological agents that modify plasticity. The invention also identifies biological pathways that are enriched in genes that are differentially regulated under conditions known to result in altered nervous system plasticity. The present invention further provides methods and compositions for modifying plasticity in the nervous system of a subject. The invention includes a method for modifying plasticity in the nervous system of a subject comprising administering a plasticity-modifying agent to the subject, wherein the plasticity-enhancing agent modulates a gene or pathway that is differentially regulated in developmental conditions that alter nervous system plasticity (e.g., DR or MD). The methods and compositions may be administered to a subject suffering from damage to the nervous system or from a neuropsychiatric disorder in order to enhance recovery, reorganization, or function of the nervous system. The methods optionally include administering a proteolysis-enhancing agent to the subject.