127results about How to "Minimizes value" patented technology

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for processing signals reflecting a physiological characteristic by detecting the intensity of light following tissue absorption at two wavelengths and subtracting the best estimate of the desired signal from the difference between the signals. Corrected first and second intensity signals are determined by applying a residual derived from a combination of the first and second intensity signals as multiplied by a residual factor and subtracted from a difference between the first and second intensity signals to the first and second intensity signals. In one embodiment, the method and apparatus are used to determine arterial oxygen saturation.

A system for monitoring mechanical waves from a machine which in operation has moving particulate matter therein, the system including at least one sensor located on the machine at a location away from the central axis of the machine, the sensors being for sensing acoustic waves and including a transmitter for transmitting signals representing the sensed mechanical waves to a receiver at a location remote from the sensor(s), a data processor connected to the receiver for receiving signals from the receiver which signals represent the mechanical waves and processing the signals to produce output signals for display on a display means, wherein the output signals for display represent one or more parameters indicative of mechanical waves emitted from the machine over a predetermined period of time.

An implantable medical apparatus includes a structure formed from bioabsorbable polymers. The apparatus also contains a therapeutic agent dispersed throughout the structure or coated on the structure in such a manner as to elute the therapeutic agent when implanted in an anatomical conduit. The apparatus can be constructed from a blend of polymers and other agents. The apparatus is implanted into the conduit by expansion with a balloon or some other expandable means. The morphology or arrangement of the polymeric structure ensures that the device maintains its shape characteristics to ensure proper modeling of the vessel. In particular, the crystallinity of the polymeric structure is adjusted so as to resist recoil.

The present invention provides a method for compensating, infidelities of a process that transfers a pattern to a layer of an integrated circuit, by minimizing, with respect to a photomask pattern, a cost function that quantifies the deviation between designed and simulated values of circuit parameters of the pattern formed on a semiconductor wafer.

A STT-RAM MTJ is disclosed with a MgO tunnel barrier formed by a NOX process, a CoFeB / FeSiO / CoFeB composite free layer with a middle nanocurrent channel layer to minimize Jc0, and a Ru capping layer to enhance the spin scattering effect and increase dR / R. Good write margin is achieved by modifying the NOX process to afford a RA less than 10 ohm-μm2 and good read margin is realized with a dR / R of >100% by annealing at 330° C. or higher to form crystalline CoFeB free layers. The NCC thickness is maintained in the 6 to 10 Angstrom range to reduce Rp and avoid Fe(Si) granules from not having sufficient diameter to bridge the distance between upper and lower CoFeB layers. A FeSiO layer may be inserted below the Ru layer in the capping layer to prevent the Ru from causing a high damping constant in the upper CoFeB free layer.

A STT-RAM MTJ is disclosed with a MgO tunnel barrier formed by a NOX process, a CoFeB / FeSiO / CoFeB composite free layer with a middle nanocurrent channel layer to minimize Jc0, and a Ru capping layer to enhance the spin scattering effect and increase dR / R. Good write margin is achieved by modifying the NOX process to afford a RA less than 10 ohm-μm2 and good read margin is realized with a dR / R of >100% by annealing at 330° C. or higher to form crystalline CoFeB free layers. The NCC thickness is maintained in the 6 to 10 Angstrom range to reduce Rp and avoid Fe(Si) granules from not having sufficient diameter to bridge the distance between upper and lower CoFeB layers. A FeSiO layer may be inserted below the Ru layer in the capping layer to prevent the Ru from causing a high damping constant in the upper CoFeB free layer.

A semiconductor capacitor device. A dielectric layer is on a substrate. A stack capacitor structure is disposed in the dielectric layer and comprises first and overlying second MIM capacitors electrically connected in parallel. The first and second MIM capacitors have individual upper and lower electrode plates and different compositions of capacitor dielectric layers.

The present invention provides a master production scheduling system in which overstocked parts are disposed of with minimum loss. The master production scheduling system refers to data stored in a data storage apparatus 101 and performs the following processing: an MRP explosion apparatus 115 explodes a product listed in a production plan into gross requirements; a retired parts estimating section 116 specifies overstocked parts based on the explosion results; a producible product quantity calculating section 117 calculates a producible product quantity for a retired model which can be produced using the overstocked parts; an additional parts order estimating section 118 calculates the value of an additional parts order (which is an amount of money to be paid for parts to be additionally ordered) for each quantity of retired model products to be produced; and a retired parts disposal section 120 drafts a production plan for the retired model in which the value of the additional parts order is minimized based on the producible product quantity and the value of the additional parts order.

The present invention is directed to a method for processing radar signals in a distributed array radar that includes a first airborne platform and at least one second airborne platform. Doppler filtered radar return samples are obtained and a weight value is calculated as a function of first clutter signals and second clutter signals. The weight value is employed in a weight vector that is computed, as well, from a steering vector that need not be matched to the target vector. The weight vector is applied to a signal vector corresponding to the Doppler filtered radar return samples. An open loop feedback is implemented and configured to create beam pattern nulls at angles corresponding to the plurality of first interference signals within each of the Doppler bins without substantially tracking a position or velocity of the first airborne platform or the at least one second airborne platform.

A description of document elements to be laid out on a page, comprises two or more hierarchical levels; wherein each document element is placed at one of the hierarchical levels; and elements at a lower hierarchical level are associated with a document element at a next higher hierarchical level. Page layout according to such a document description may be optimised discretely at different hierarchical levels without affecting constraints.

An iterative process is used to set the phase prechirp of a WDM optical transport system to a system's optimal level that maximizes the signal quality. A signal degradation factor takes into account linear and non-linear effects along the optical path and is used as a receive end feedback signal to control the phase prechirp level at the transmitter site. By using the FEC corrected errors rate as the feedback signal, optimization of signal quality is performed even when the system is running error free. By using an adaptive phase prechirp transmitter, signal degradation compensation can be also performed on a per wavelength basis to compensate for the residual dispersion slope and to allow optimization of individual channels independently of the net link dispersion value.This method provides more flexibility when using optical switching in core networks, as it allows path optimization to new physical link connectivity, without requiring any change to the optical components such that, significant signal degradation tuning range for a WDM optical transport system is provided.

The present invention provides an image data processing device that is beneficial in order to reduce the patient's strain and botheration for the practitioner when performing the transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment, and a transcranial magnetic stimulation apparatus utilizing the image data processing device. The image data processing device is provided with: a storage means configured to store a three-dimensional MRI image of a subject's head that has been previously taken; a three-dimensional appearance image generation means configured to generate a three-dimensional appearance image of the subject's head; an image generation means configured to perform positional alignment between the three-dimensional MRI image and the three-dimensional appearance image, and to generate a three-dimensional image of the subject's head after the positional alignment; an after-movement image generation means configured to generate, when the subject's head has been moved, a three-dimensional subject's head image after the movement and the positional alignment; an operational object image generation means configured to generate an operational object image indicating a current position of an operational object operated and moved so as to maintain a positional relation with a specific portion on the three-dimensional MRI image of the subject's head; and a display means configured to display the three-dimensional image of the subject's head after the movement and the operational object image in one image.

The present disclosure provides a device for controlling power supply to a heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system for a building based on a target temperature. The device comprises a memory and a processor connected to the memory, wherein the processor is configured for: generating a zone-based temperature prediction model by training an artificial neural network based on a plurality of first training data; and determining a sequence of optimal to-be-supplied powers at one or more time-points after a current time-point, wherein the sequence of optimal to-be-supplied powers allows minimizing a value of a loss function associated with a difference between a sequence of predetermined target temperatures and a sequence of predicted temperatures predicted based on the zone-based temperature prediction model.

A method for balancing a voltage of an inverter determines an expected voltage of a capacitor based on a voltage of the capacitor at a start of a switching cycle and determines a duty cycle minimizing a value of an objective function representing a difference between the expected voltage of the capacitor and a desired voltage of the capacitor. A switching sequence controlling the inverter is selected based on the duty cycle.

A gait generating device 32 includes a desired particular-site motion velocity value determining unit 45 that uses a quadratic evaluation function having a particular-site motion velocity vector ↑Vb as a variable and a linear matrix inequality having ↑Vb as a variable to sequentially determine, as a desired value ↑Vb_cmd2 of ↑Vb, a value of ↑Vb that can minimize the value of the evaluation function within a range in which a restriction condition that the linear matrix inequality holds is satisfied, by arithmetic processing according to a solution method for a quadratic programming problem. The device then integrates ↑Vb_cmd2 to sequentially determine desired values of the position and posture of the particular site (the body) 2 of the robot 1. The linear matrix inequality is set to satisfy a condition restricting the operations of the joints between the particular site 2 and the distal portion of each leg link 3.

The present disclosure provides a video encoding / decoding method including: selectively frequency transforming a first residual block generated by subtracting a predicted block from a current block, generating a first quantized block for the first residual block or the frequency transformed first residual block, generating a second quantized block, if the first quantized block is a quantized first residual block from quantizing the first residual block, through selectively performing a secondary prediction on the quantized first residual block by using a secondary predicted motion vector set, encoding information on whether the frequency transforming is performed and selectively encoding information on the secondary prediction, encoding the first quantized block or the second quantized block into a bitstream, and decoding the same.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for processing signals reflecting a physiological characteristic by detecting the intensity of light following tissue absorption at two wavelengths and subtracting the best estimate of the desired signal from the difference between the signals. Corrected first and second intensity signals are determined by applying a residual derived from a combination of the first and second intensity signals as multiplied by a residual factor and subtracted from a difference between the first and second intensity signals to the first and second intensity signals. In one embodiment, the method and apparatus are used to determine arterial oxygen saturation.

The present invention discloses a symbol interleaving and channel mapping device and method as well as a mobile communication system. The symbol interleaving and channel mapping device is used in a transmitter of a mobile communication system, said transmitter receiving the channel state information fed back from a receiver of the mobile communication system; the symbol interleaving and channel mapping device comprises a symbol classification unit for classifying symbols according to their importance; a symbol sub-carrier mapping unit for performing a sub-carrier mapping according to the classification result of said symbol classification unit and the channel state information such that the important symbols correspond to the non deep fading sub-carrier as much as possible.

In a method for operating a spark-ignition, direct-injection internal combustion engine, wherein fuel is injected into a cylinder of the internal combustion engine and is ignited by a spark plug as a function of at least the load of the internal combustion engine, a crank angle is determined at which a first amount of fuel is injected into the cylinder during the intake stroke whereby a lean mixture is formed in the cylinder, subsequently, as a function of at least the load of the internal combustion engine, a crank angle is determined at which a second amount of fuel is injected, whereby a mixture cloud, which is richer than the lean mixture is formed in the lean mixture and a third amount of fuel is injected in the form of a stratified injection for forming a locally enriched and ignitable fuel / air mixture in the region of the spark plug close to an ignition time which is then ignited by the spark plug causing also combustion of the mixture cloud and the lean mixture.

A recording / reproducing method and a recording / reproducing device for magnetic tapes are less involved displacements between recording track and reproducing head even upon changes in the widthwise size of the magnetic tape, and capable of recording and reproducing data without causing errors, thus being ready for recording density enhancement of magnetic tapes. In both data recording and data reproduction, the tension of the magnetic tape is controlled so that absolute values of displacements between a pair of servo heads and a plurality of servo tracks corresponding to these servo heads are minimized.

The present invention is a high efficiency AM switching voltage regulator used to provide an AM output signal to an AM RF power amplifier, wherein the AM output signal is proportional to an AM input signal. The AM output signal includes an AM output voltage and an AM supply current, which represents a sum of an AM output current and a shunt current The AM output voltage provides an envelope supply voltage to the AM RF power amplifier. The switching voltage regulator includes a switching current regulator coupled to a linear shunt voltage regulator. The switching current regulator provides AM output current for the AM RF power amplifier and a small amount of shunt current for the linear shunt voltage regulator, which regulates the AM output voltage by controlling the shunt current. The switching current regulator regulates the AM supply current in proportion to a time-averaged value of shunt current.

The present invention relates to a method of searching for a global motion vector associated with a picture of a video sequence, said method comprising the steps of computing (PROJ) projections of pictures (f) along a predetermined axis; determining (PRED) a prediction (vpred(k)) of a current global motion vector formula (I) associated with a current projected picture (F(k)) based on at least one previous global motion vector associated with at least one previous projected picture; determining (SS) a motion vector search set based on the predicted current global motion vector; computing (CAL) a distortion value between a previous projected picture (F(k−1)) shifted of a candidate motion vector (v;(k)) along the predetermined axis and a next projected picture (F(k+r)), said computing step being iterated for the different candidate motion vectors of the motion vector search set, the current global motion vector being the candidate motion vector that minimizes the distortion value.

The present invention relates to a differential amplifier and a mixer for improving the linearity. The differential amplifier circuit according to this present invention, includes first and second load stages each having a predetermined voltage value, a main differential amplifier unit having a first differential stage that forms a differential pair in such a way as to amplify a difference between a first input voltage and a second input voltage, and a constant current source, which has a predetermined current driving capability and is connected serially between a power source voltage terminal and a ground terminal, and a auxiliary differential amplifier unit having a second differential stage that forms a differential pair in such a way as to amplify a difference between a third input voltage and a fourth input voltage connected between the first load stage and a second load stage, and the ground, respectively.

A method of potential routing, a method of potential scheduling, and a mesh node are provided. Here, the mesh node includes a potential routing unit that transmits a data packet to a preset routing path by calculating a multiple potential, wherein the multiple potential indicates each potential of all destination nodes including a plurality of mesh nodes; and a potential scheduler that schedules a packet transmission order using the multiple potential.

Systems and methods automatically compensate for long-term drift of frequency standards or references used by transmitting and receiver terminals to avoid manual adjustment of the terminals to bring them back within operating tolerances and minimize communications outages caused by inability of the system to otherwise accommodate for such drift. The present invention may provide automatic band selection to maintain a modulated carrier within an operating range of an automatic frequency control or tracking capability of a communication device. This may be accomplished by selecting an appropriate reference signal used to control a center frequency of an automatic frequency control circuit (such as a PLL) or used to convert the carrier frequency of the modulated carrier to fall within the operating range of the automatic frequency control circuit and / or by causing the transmitting station to at least partially correct the frequency discrepancy.

The present invention provides a computer-implemented method, including:a. obtaining, in real-time, by a specifically programmed processor, electrical signal data representative of brain activity of a particular individual;b. processing, in real-time the electrical signal data representative of brain activity of a particular individual based upon a pre-determined predictor associated with a particular brain state, selected from a library of predictors containing a plurality of pre-determined predictors, wherein each individual pre-determined predictor is associated with a unique brain state,wherein the pre-determined predictor associated with a particular brain state includes:i. a pre-determined mother wavelet,ii. a pre-determined representative set of wavelet packet atoms, created from the pre-determined mother wavelet,iii. a pre-determined ordering of wavelet packet atoms, andiv. a pre-determined set of normalization factors,wherein the processing includes:i. causing, by the specifically programmed processor, the electrical signal data to be deconstructed into a plurality of pre-determined deconstructed wavelet packet atoms, utilizing the pre-determined representative set of wavelet packet atoms,wherein time windows of the electrical signal data are projected onto the pre-determined representative set of wavelet packet atoms wherein the projection is via convolution or inner product, andwherein each pre-determined representative wavelet packet atom corresponds to a particular pre-determined brain activity feature from a library of a plurality of pre-determined brain activity features;ii. storing the plurality of pre-determined deconstructed wavelet packet atoms in at least one computer data object;iii. causing, by the specifically programmed processor, the stored plurality of pre-determined deconstructed wavelet packet atoms to be re-ordered within the computer data object, based on utilizing a pre-determined order;iv. obtaining a statistical measure of the activity of each of the re-ordered plurality of pre-determined deconstructed wavelet packet atoms; andv. normalizing the re-ordered plurality of pre-determined wavelet packet atoms, based on utilizing a pre-determined normalization factor; andc. outputting, a visual indication of at least one personalized mental state of the particular individual, at least one personalized neurological condition of the particular individual, or both, based on the processing,wherein the individual pre-determined predictor associated with a particular brain state from within the plurality of pre-determined predictors is generated by the steps including:i. obtaining the pre-determined representative set of wavelet packet atoms by:a. obtaining from a plurality of individuals, by the specifically programmed processor, at least one plurality of electrical signal data representative of a brain activity of a particular brain state;b. selecting a mother wavelet from a plurality of mother wavelets, wherein mother wavelet is selected from an wavelet family selected from the group consisting of: Haar, Coiflet Daubehies, and Mayer wavelet families;c. causing, by the specifically programmed processor, the at least one plurality electrical signal data to be deconstructed into a plurality of wavelet packet atoms, using the selected mother wavelet;d. storing the plurality of wavelet packet atoms in at least one computer data object;e. determining, an optimal set of wavelet packet atoms using the pre-determined mother wavelet, and storing the optimal set of wavelet packet atoms in at least one computer data object, wherein the determining is via utilizing analysis Best Basis algorithm; andf. applying, by the specifically programmed processor, wavelet denoising to the number of wavelet packet atoms in the optimal set;ii. obtaining the pre-determined ordering of wavelet packet atoms by:a. projecting, by the specifically programmed processor, the at least one plurality of electrical signal data representative of a brain activity for each 4 second window of the data onto the pre-determined representative set of wavelet packet atoms;b. storing the projections in at least one computer data object;c. determining, by the specifically programmed processor, the wire length for every data point in the projection by determining the mean absolute distance of the statistical measure of the projections of different channels from their adjacent channels;d. storing the wire length data in at least one computer data object; ande. re-ordering the stored projections, by the specifically programmed computer to minimize a statistical value of the wire length value across each time window, and across all individuals within the plurality of individuals, and across the projections; andiii. obtaining the pre-determined set of normalization factors by:a. determining, by the specifically programmed computer, the mean and standard deviation of the values of the stored projections.

A spatial compactor design and technique for the compaction of test response data is herein disclosed which advantageously provides a scan-out response with multiple opportunities to be observed on different output channels in one to several scan-shift cycles.

A computer-implemented method is disclosed for determination of a route for a ship by defining one or more performance variables of the ship and dynamic input parameters that affect to the performance variable. Information of ship operation and measurement results from sensors during the operation of the ship are obtained and a set of dynamic input parameters is produced. A model for simulating the performance of a ship is created by defining one or more relationships between the performance variables and the dynamic input parameters. A route is found for which a simulation result of the ship performance fulfills one or more criteria set for the selected performance variable. The results are continuously updated along with receiving new input data for determination of a route having better conformity with set criteria for the result.

In a variable stroke internal combustion engine, by determining the relationships of a connecting point (D) between a first link (4) and second link (5) and a connecting point (B) between the second link (5) and a control link (12) with respect to a center (A) of a crankpin (9) to be such that ΔD<ΔB holds over an entire rotational angle of the crankshaft, where ΔD is the distance between D and A and ΔB is the distance between B and A, an adequate durability of the engine can be ensured without increasing the weight thereof.