Biological Sensor and a Method of the Production of Biological Sensor

Abstract

The invention is related to the field of biotechnology, specifically to the investigation of biomolecular interactions and sensing of biomolecules using a surface plasmon resonance. The biological sensor and a method of its production based on the thin films of graphene, graphene oxide, or single-walled or multi-walled carbon nanotubes are described.The technical results of the invention are a high sensitivity of the biosensor in combination with a high biospecificity; an expansion of the range of device applications; the protection of the metal film from an environmental exposure; the possibility to detect large biological objects.The proposed device and method of its production can be used for monitoring and recording of the concentration of chemical and biochemical substances and for the definition of parameters of biomolecular reactions in different industrial processes using biological materials, the invention can be also used in the pharmaceutical industry for the investigation of pharmacological properties and for the determination of a chemical composition of developing drugs, and also it can be used in processes of quality control of food products.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD[0001]The invention relates to the field of biotechnology, namely to the devices for the investigation of biomolecular interactions and for the sensing of biomolecules using a surface plasmon resonance and to the methods of their production. Surface plasmon resonance is a phenomenon of excitation of surface plasmons under the influence of light. It occurs near the metal surface under the condition of attenuated total reflection. The term of “surface plasmon resonance” is related to the optical phenomena allowing to analyze interactions in real time sensing the properties of analyzing media on a matrix and their changes.[0002]The method of biosensing using surface plasmon resonance have several advantages comparing to existing methods such as label-free biosensing without using of radioactive and fluorescent labels, and makes possible to gain a high sensitivity of biosensors based on this method and a high rate of conducted measurements. The proposed invention is relat...

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The use of thin films of graphene and other carbon materials as an intermediate binding layer in the proposed device allows for the adsorption of a large variety of biological molecules. This makes the device useful for a range of applications and provides protection from harmful environmental effects. Biosensing reagents and plasmonic materials can be used with the device, enhancing its versatility and performance.

Problems solved by technology

The limitation of this method is a low number of active centers for biomolecule adsorption due to the planar structure of the biolayer.

Also the limitation is the complexity of this device production due to low availability of necessary biomolecules on the market, and processes of their synthesis include many steps and need many reagents.

Also the limitation is complexity of biosensors construction based on these devices because for adsorption molecules of a binding partner of an analyte must possess specific functional groups, therefore in every case methods of activation must be developed that limits the class of analyzing molecules.

The limitation of this device is a decrease in sensitivity due to the influence of the carbon film on electromagnetic properties of surface plasmon waves and their adsorption.

The limitations of this device are complexity of its manufacturing due to usage of complex composite structures and reduction of sensitivity due to low surface area for biomolecule adsorption defined by area of opened diamond particles.

This structure allows to investigate the reaction between biological molecules and graphene, however it is not possess the property of bioselectivity, that makes it unsuitable for the investigation of chemical reactions.

The limitation of the prototype is the complexity of manufacturing of the layer of biomolecules requiring the synthesis of compounds comprising necessary functional groups and capable to attach to gold surface.

Also the limitation is the complexity of attachment of molecules of binding partner of analyte to this layer requiring the development of special methods of activation with focus on the reaction through certain functional groups.

This implies that the activation method will work only with certain class of analytes that limits possible applications of the device.

Besides, the surface of the metal film of the proposed device is exposed to the influence of an external environment that imposes restrictions on work conditions and chemical reagents used in biosensing.

All these limitations cannot provide a high sensitivity together with a specificity of biosensing.

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