The invention discloses a fish-gill-type oxygen-carrying purification system capable of rotating freely. The system comprises a solar aeration region composed of a solar photovoltaic board, a controller, an inverter, a photovoltaic cable, a storage battery, a waterproof tank, an air pump, a fixed aeration pipe, a rotating aeration pipe and supporting original components. The fish-gill-type oxygen-carrying purification system is characterized in that the solar aeration unit is sequentially connected with a gill-filament-shaped oxygen dispersion-aerobic microorganism surviving region composed of rotating tee joints, an air spraying pipe, air dispersion holes, pumice and gill-filament-shaped active carbon fibers and a matrix filling aquatic plant purification region composed of emergent aquatic plants, submerged plants and hollow matrix filling baskets. Dissolved oxygen in water can be supplied on a large area, organic pollutants and nutritive salt can be efficiently removed, an aquatic ecosystem can be improved, and the system can help the water body to restore self-cleaning capacity, has the advantages of being attractive in appearance, simple in structure, economical and practical, and is suitable for treating and repairing common eutrophic water bodies.