A modular protection device for unmanned aerial vehicle performance comprises a plurality of guide rods, a plurality of unfolding modules and a rotation driving device, the unfolding modules are arrayed on the guide rods, the unfolding modules correspond to the unfolding modules on the adjacent guide rods one to one, each unfolding module comprises a net winding shaft, a telescopic net and a connecting rope, the telescopic net is fixed to the net winding shaft, and the rotating driving device drives the telescopic net to rotate. One end part of the connecting rope is connected with the telescopic net of the guide rod unfolding module, the other end part of the connecting rope is connected with the corresponding net winding shaft on the adjacent guide rod, the net winding shaft is sleeved on the guide rod, the front end of the net winding shaft is provided with a traction shaft, the traction shaft is sleeved on the guide rod, and the middle part of the traction shaft is connected with the connecting rope. The telescopic net moves with the guide rods as the axis, and the net winding shaft at the end of each guide rod is connected with a rotation driving device. The telescopic nets can be unfolded by rotating the net winding shafts on the guide rods, the telescopic nets of the multiple modules are matched to form a large protection net, and therefore the unmanned aerial vehicle is prevented from falling.