The invention discloses a solar auxiliary heat pump sludge drying system which comprises a drying box, a solar heat collector, a heat pump system, a dehumidifier, an air duct system and a control valve, wherein a low-temperature evaporator of the dehumidifier, an air-energy heat exchanger and a high-temperature evaporator are connected in parallel to constitute the heat pump system. The working process comprises the following steps: sludge enters the drying box through a sludge feed port, is uniformly and flatly laid on a conveyer belt of a sludge conveyer drying device, and slowly moves downwards under the driving action of the conveyer belt, wherein the conveyer belt is composed of a stainless steel screen which is flexibly and air-permeable; dry hot air enters the drying box via the bottom of the drying box, heats the sludge and takes away vapor evaporated in the sludge, and wet air is discharged from the top of the drying box, is subjected to moisture content reduction through an evaporator, a condenser and an electric heater, and returns to the drying box to continue drying the sludge; and the sludge moves downwards in the conveyer belt, and the finally dried finished product is collected at the bottom of the drying box.