Novel technique for synthesizing quaternary ammonium salt

Abstract

The invention relates to a technique method for preparing quaternary ammonium salt through a reaction of carbonate and ammonium salt without any catalyst; aiming at the shortcoming showed in the former documents (the application number is 200510061094.4) that catalyst is used in the synthesis reaction of the carbonate and the ammonium salt, through improving the technique, the method makes the reaction possible in the condition of no catalyst, which also leads the yield of products of halide quaternary ammonium and sulfuric quaternary ammonium salt to be equal or more than 99 percent so as to avoid the problems such as the impurity of products caused by the difficult separation of catalyst and products and the catalyst which can not be used repeatedly; the technique process of the method is as following, amine is in a neutralization reaction with acid or the solution of acid, when an end point is reached, absolute ammonium salt is obtained after water elimination and drying, then certain amount of carbonate and ammonium salt are separately weighted and put in to a reaction kettle which is then sealed, the carbonate and ammonium salt are in reaction with agitation, the reaction temperature is between 50 to 300 DEG C and the reaction time is between 0.5 to 20 hours.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a new process for synthesizing quaternary ammonium salts, in particular to a process for preparing quaternary ammonium salts through the direct reaction of carbonic acid diester (fat) and amine salts under the condition of no catalyst. Background technique [0002] Quaternary ammonium salts are a class of cationic surfactants, in which quaternary ammonium halides (R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 N + x - ) series of compounds are widely used in various fields such as daily chemical industry, textile, printing and dyeing, mining, asphalt, construction, plastic processing, oil exploration, petrochemical industry, etc., and have played an important role. [0003] People have carried out a large amount of research and development to the production technology of quaternary ammonium salt, and the number of quaternary ammonium salt preparation technology disclosed by the Chinese patent literature is numerous, and wherein the patent No. is 2005100...

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Problems solved by technology

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is aimed at the deficiencies that the carbonic acid ester (fat) and amine salt announced by the document (patent No. 200510061094.4) must be reacted under the action of a catalyst to synthesize the quaternary ammonium salt. The reaction is carried out, and the yield of products such as halide quaternary ammonium salt and sulfate quaternary ammonium salt reaches more than 99%, which eliminates the problems of product impurity and catalyst that cannot be reused due to the difficulty in separating the catalyst from the product in the original process

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