No-Pt catalyst for fuel cell, preparation method and use thereof

Abstract

The invention pertains to the technical field of electrocatalysis and energy transformation, more particularly relates to a non-Pt metal electrocatalyst used for fuel cells, a preparation method and the application thereof. The electrocatalyst uses Ir element and other transition metals as active ingredients which are carried on a catalyst carrier to obtain a novel catalyst used for the fuel cells. The electrocatalyst can be obtained by means of physical sputtering, high-temperature calcinations, gas-phase chemical reduction, liquid-phase chemical reduction, electrochemical deposition, or electrophoretic deposition, and the like. The electrocatalyst prepared by the method can be used not only as the cathode catalyst of the fuel cells, but also as the anode catalyst of the fuel cells. More importantly, the novel non-Pt metal electrocatalyst can avoid the dependence on Pt which is high in price and low in reserves, thus being beneficial to the commercialization of the fuel cells. Furthermore, the novel non-Pt metal electrocatalyst has higher activity and stability and the advantages of low price, simple preparation process, being suitable for large-scale production and the like.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of electrocatalysis and energy conversion, and in particular relates to a non-Pt metal electrocatalyst for a fuel cell, a preparation method and an application thereof. Background technique [0002] A fuel cell (Fuel Cell) is a device that directly converts chemical energy in fuels (such as hydrogen, methanol, ethanol) and oxidants (such as oxygen, air) into electrical energy. Because the energy conversion process of fuel cells is not limited by the Carnot cycle, fuel cells have become the focus of attention in academia and industry. More importantly, with the continuous economic and social development in recent years, energy shortages and environmental pollution have become increasingly serious. Fuel cells have the advantage of low or even "zero emissions" and will become the preferred choice for future automobiles, distributed power stations and portable appliances. Ideal replacement power supply. [000...

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Problems solved by technology

[0004] Pt as a fuel cell catalyst also has some defects and deficiencies: (1) Although the cathode reaction of fuel cells—the electrocatalytic reduction reaction of oxygen has high activity on Pt catalysts, it is not a complete 4-electron process

This will not only affect the power generation efficiency and energy utilization efficiency of the fuel cell, but at the same time, the reaction intermediate product H 2 o 2 It will also significantly affect the life of the proton exchange membrane and the stability of the fuel cell catalyst

(2) The fuel usually contains a certain amount of impurity gases such as CO, which are easily adsorbed on the surface of Pt metal, occupying the active sites on the Pt surface, resulting in "poisoning" of the Pt catalyst, and greatly reducing the efficiency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

(3) Fuel permeation will inevitably occur during the operation of the fuel cell, which will react on the cathode Pt catalyst, which will significantly affect the power generation efficiency of the fuel cell and the stability of the battery

[0007] In summary, although researchers have done a lot of research on non-Pt catalysts for fuel cells, non-Pt catalysts for fuel cells are still in the laboratory research stage. There is a big gap, and a long time to explore [Chem.Mater.20 (2008) 26; Electrochim.Acta 49 (2004) 3479; Electrochem.Comm.8 (2006) 707; J.Power Sources, 156 (2006) 171; Electrochim. Acta 45 (2000) 4237]

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