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Separating and recycling method of rare earth elements

A rare earth element, separation and recovery technology, applied in the direction of improving process efficiency, can solve the problems of long time and expensive, and achieve the effect of simple technology

Inactive Publication Date: 2014-11-26
HITACHI LTD
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

[0004] On the other hand, rare earth elements are difficult to separate and refine into individual elements, and are expensive. For this reason, people have carefully researched and developed technologies and alternative materials that can maintain the performance of magnets and reduce the amount of use.
However, it will take a long time for these technologies to be practical

Method used

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  • Separating and recycling method of rare earth elements

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Experimental program
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no. 2 Embodiment approach

[0068] (Separation of rare earth elements from compounds containing rare earth elements)

[0069] Next, a method for separating and recovering rare earth elements from rare earth magnets (compounds of rare earth elements and other elements) that is an actual starting material at the time of separation and recovery using the above-mentioned principle will be described.

[0070] (Separation process of rare earth elements and other elements)

[0071] First, the procedure for obtaining a mixture of neodymium chloride and dysprosium chloride from rare earth magnet slag containing neodymium, dysprosium, iron, and boron as main components will be described. It should be noted that the actual rare earth magnet slag often contains praseodymium as another element of the rare earth elements, but since the physical and chemical properties of neodymium and praseodymium are very similar, it is considered here that praseodymium exists together with neodymium.

[0072] The separation process...

Embodiment 1

[0090] Experimental verification of separation and recovery from mixtures of rare earth chlorides. As a starting material for rare earth chlorides, anhydrous neodymium trichloride (NdCl 3 ) powder and anhydrous dysprosium trichloride (DyCl 3 )powder. As the powdered reagents used as starting materials, all 3N grade reagents manufactured by Kosun Chemical Research Institute Co., Ltd. were used. As the added metal M, fragments of metal yttrium (Y) (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., about 5×about 5×about 2mm 3 , purity 99.9%). In addition, since metal yttrium is easily oxidized by an oxygen source in the atmosphere, the metal yttrium stored in oil is prepared and used after removing the oil component immediately before use.

[0091] Weigh 2.5 g of NdCl in the drying chamber 3 powder, 2.5g of DyCl 3 The powder and 1.16 g of Y fragments were put into a crucible 9 made of molybdenum (Mo) and mixed. use figure 1 In the distillation apparatus 20 shown, a cru...

Embodiment 2

[0117] Research from rare earth magnets containing neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium, iron, boron (RE 2 Fe 14 B. RE: Rare earth elements) Separation and recovery of rare earth elements from waste. The mass composition of the rare earth magnet used was 61.2%Fe-23.1%Nd-3.5%Dy-2.0%Pr-1.0%B. This scrap magnet is a defective product due to the occurrence of cracks, defects, etc. after nickel plating was performed in the manufacturing process.

[0118] First, coarse crushing of scrap magnets was performed by heating at 800°C in a hydrogen atmosphere using an electric furnace. As mentioned above, although nickel plating is performed on this scrap magnet, the nickel plating film can be peeled off by the hydrogen crushing process, and the peeled plating film can be separated from the magnet powder by the sieving method.

[0119] The obtained magnet powder was mixed with FeCl as chlorine source 2 The powder is mixed, then joins in the iron crucible 9, configures in figure 1 Insid...

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Abstract

The invention relates to a separating and recycling method of rare earth elements, and provides a method for separating and recycling rare earth elements with a high yield which is simpler and more convenient than the prior art. The method is characterized by comprising: a process of adding a specified amount of metal M to a halide mixture containing the abovementioned various rare earth elements; a process of achieving a chemical equilibrium state of a divalent halide generating the abovementioned various rare earth elements and a halide of the abovementioned metal M by heating under atmospheric pressure the mixture to which the abovementioned metal M is added; a process of generating a metal and a trivalent halide of a rare earth element due to disproportionation reaction of a divalent halide of a rear earth element among the abovementioned various rare earth elements by performing vacuum pumping on a system that achieves the abovementioned chemical equilibrium state; and a process of separating the abovementioned mixture into a distilled condensate of the trivalent halide of the abovementioned rare earth element and residues by performing vacuum distillation on the system.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a technology for separating and recovering rare earth elements, in particular to a method for separating and recovering rare earth elements from a composition containing multiple rare earth elements. Background technique [0002] In recent years, recognizing the importance of sustainably protecting the global environment, we have focused on developing industrial systems and transportation systems that minimize the use of fossil fuels. Such environment-friendly systems and products include, for example, wind power generation systems, railway systems, hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, and energy-saving air conditioners. [0003] One of the main devices of these environment-friendly systems and products is a high-efficiency rotating electric machine (motor or generator) in which magnets containing rare earth elements (ie, rare earth magnets) are widely used. For example, rare-earth magnets used in rotating electric machines suc...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Patents(China)
IPC IPC(8): C22B59/00C22B7/00
CPCY02P10/20
Inventor 山本浩贵泽井裕一宫田素之村上元宇田哲也
Owner HITACHI LTD
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