Method for liquefying cellulosic material
A fiber material and cellulose technology, applied in the field of biofuel components, can solve the problems of pollution, affect quality, increase cost, etc., and achieve the effects of increasing calorific value, effective recovery, and improving processability
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Embodiment
[0094] Response program
[0095] The birch (BW) hydrogenation liquefaction experiment was carried out by The experiments were performed in a 240 milliliter (mL) batch autoclave prepared by C22, and the autoclave was equipped with electric heating, turbine stirrer, pressure gauge, temperature recorder and sampling tube. The autoclave was also equipped with a glass insert with glass baffles and an optional catalyst support. The catalyst support consisted of vertical baskets containing catalyst extrudates made of glass wire, or flat glass with 1x1 centimeter (cm) holes to vertically accommodate foam blocks or filled carbon sheets.
[0096] Birch chips were ground to particles less than 1 mm in size and dried overnight at 105°C to achieve a final moisture content of less than 5 wt%.
[0097] In a typical experiment, the reactor was loaded with water (63 g), acetic acid (26 g), phosphoric acid (1 g), birch (10 g), and ruthenium (Ru)-supported catalyst (0.15-0.3 g Ru). The react...
Embodiment 3 and 4
[0104] Embodiment 3 and 4 (the present invention)
[0105] In these examples ZrO 2 Foam. The zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2 ) foam consisted of partially stabilized zirconia foam (Selee PSZ 11906) with cell densities of 30 and 60 cells per inch (ppi), respectively, available from Selee Co. (Hendersonville, NC, USA). They consist of rectangular blocks of 5x1x1cm.
[0106] The 60ppi foam has a porosity of about 87 vol%, while the 30ppi foam has a porosity of about 89 vol%. Based on the pore volume, porosity, and density of the foam, it can be estimated that at least about 82 vol% of the 60 ppi foam pore volume resides in macropores equal to or greater than 1 micron in diameter. It can be estimated that at least about 85 vol% of the 30 ppi foam cell volume resides in macropores equal to or greater than 1 micron in diameter. The average diameter of the macrocells in the 30 ppi foam was estimated to be about 0.186 mm (about 186 microns) and the average diameter of the macrocells in ...
Embodiment 5
[0112] Embodiment 5 (the present invention)
[0113] Graphite flakes are used in this example. The graphite sheets consisted of corrugated sheets of 'Mellacarbon EX-CFC' available from Sulzer Chemtech Ltd (Winterthur, Switzerland). These sheets are produced from a carbon fiber-reinforced carbon material known as "SIGRABOND" (SIGRABOND is a trademark). The sheet was cut into 1x5x0.15 cm strips with a typical weight of 0.22 grams (g), a porosity of 85 vol%, and a BET surface area of 115-120 m 2 / g. The strips were dipped in a nitric acid solution of Ru-nitrosyl nitrate (10.7 wt% Ru) and subsequently centrifuged, dried at 120°C and calcined at 350°C for 0.5 hours, resulting in a Ru loading of about 2.75 wt %.
[0114] The result of embodiment 1-5
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