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Engineering plants for efficient uptake and utilization of urea to improve crop production

A technology of urea and plants, applied in the field of molecular biology, can solve problems such as low efficiency

Inactive Publication Date: 2016-04-06
PIONEER HI BRED INT INC
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, plants are less efficient at direct uptake and use of urea as a nitrogen source

Method used

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  • Engineering plants for efficient uptake and utilization of urea to improve crop production
  • Engineering plants for efficient uptake and utilization of urea to improve crop production
  • Engineering plants for efficient uptake and utilization of urea to improve crop production

Examples

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example 1

[0204] Example 1: Possible urea from maize and from different microbial and lower plant sources Identification and evolution analysis of transporters

[0205] Several classes of proteins with the ability to translocate urea throughout biofilms have been identified in various species ranging from bacteria to higher eukaryotes such as plants. Proteins encoding eukaryotic DUR3 high-affinity urea transporters (SEQ ID NOs: 1-187), prokaryotic UREI urea channels (SEQ ID NOs: 188-193), and aquaporin-like NIP / TIP / PIP proteins (SEQ ID NOs: 194-223) were identified Multiple genes of possible homologues. Sequences of possible DUR3 homologues were obtained from a variety of sources (mainly focusing on microorganisms, fungi, and lower photosynthetic plants), and evolutionary analyzes were performed to examine the relationship between transporters ( image 3 ). Potential maize Dur3 homologues were also identified based on sequence homology to urea transporters such as the Arabi...

example 2

[0213] Example 2: Identification of possible urease genes from various plant and microbial sources

[0214] Urease is an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of urea into ammonia that can be utilized by cells. Multiple genes encoding possible urease proteins (SEQ ID NO: 251-298) were identified by bioinformatics methods. The analysis mainly focused on a single subunit urease protein encoded by only one transcript, and the sequences of 48 known or putative ureases were obtained from various sources, mainly fungal or plant sources. Evolutionary analysis was performed to detect the relationship between known and putative urease proteins ( Figure 4 ). While expression of the urease protein alone is expected to be sufficient to enhance urease activity in plants, co-expression of urease with its corresponding urease accessory protein can enhance this enzymatic activity. In bacteria, these proteins are easy to identify because they fall within the same operon as the urease ...

example 3

[0215] Example 3: Identification of possible GS genes from maize and other sources

[0216] Once urea is broken down into its constituent parts by urease, the released ammonia is assimilated into amino acids mainly through the action of glutamine synthetase. Multiple genes encoding possible glutamine synthetase proteins have been previously identified (see US Patent Application No. 12 / 607,089 published May 6, 2010). The sequences of two known glutamine synthetases can also be used: the GS1-3 subtype from maize and from Arabidopsis. Other GS1, GS2 or GS3-type glutamine synthetase proteins from plants or other sources can also be used to form transgenic plants with enhanced ability to utilize urea as a nitrogen source.

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Abstract

The present disclosure provides polynucleotides and related polypeptides related to urea uptake. The disclosure provides genomic sequences for urea transporter, urease and glutamine synthetase genes. Urea transporters, urease and glutamine synthetase are responsible for controlling nitrogen utilization efficiency in plants. Urea transporter, urease or glutamine synthetase sequences are provided for improving grain yield and plant growth. The disclosure further provides recombinant expression cassettes, host cells and transgenic plants.

Description

technical field [0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of molecular biology. Background technique [0002] The current global demand for nitrogen (N) fertilizers for agricultural production is approximately 200 million tons, and this figure is expected to triple by 2050 ("Current World Fertilizer Trends and Outlook 2011 / 12" Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2008 ("Current World Fertilizer Trends") and Outlook 2011 / 12", Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2008); Good, et al., 2004 Trends in Plant Science 9: 597-605 (Good et al., 2004, Trends in Plant Science, Vol. 9, pp. 597-605 )). Nitrogen fertilization is usually applied at economically optimal levels, and this practice has resulted in a reduction in the percentage of N actually taken up by crops (Firbank, (2005) Annals of Applied Biology 146: 163-175 (Firbank, 2005, Annals of Applied Biology, pp. 146 vol., pp. 163-175)). It is estimated that approximatel...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): C12N15/82C07K14/195C07K14/37C07K14/415
CPCC07K14/415Y02A40/146C12N15/8261C05C9/00C12N9/80C07K14/195C07K14/32C07K14/335C07K14/35C07K14/38C07K14/39C07K14/395C07K14/40C07K14/405C07K14/385C12N15/8243
Inventor 拉杰夫·格普塔侯正林戴尔·F·洛萨尔特沈波L·肯特·伍德
Owner PIONEER HI BRED INT INC
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