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High-capacity silicon-based anode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof, and lithium ion battery

A silicon-based negative electrode material, lithium-ion battery technology, applied in battery electrodes, secondary batteries, nanotechnology for materials and surface science, etc., can solve problems such as poor long-term cycle performance, silicon volume change, and loss of electrical contact , to achieve the effect of improving cycle performance, increasing electrical conductivity and reducing reduction

Active Publication Date: 2016-05-11
CENT SOUTH UNIV
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Li and Si will form Li x Si (03.7 Si 5 Phase, the capacity is as high as 3572mAh / g, which is much larger than the theoretical capacity of graphite, but during the charge and discharge process, silicon will undergo a huge volume change, resulting in material pulverization, peeling, loss of electrical contact, and rapid capacity decay
In the prior art, the cycle stability and initial charge and discharge of silicon-based negative electrodes have been improved to a certain extent by reducing the particle size of silicon materials, making silicon porous materials, reducing the dimensions of silicon materials, and preparing silicon-carbon composite materials. Efficiency, however, most of these improvement measures require high cost, and the corresponding electrolyte needs to be matched to better perform its performance, and the long-term cycle performance of the material is still poor

Method used

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  • High-capacity silicon-based anode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof, and lithium ion battery
  • High-capacity silicon-based anode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof, and lithium ion battery
  • High-capacity silicon-based anode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof, and lithium ion battery

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Embodiment 1

[0033] A method for preparing a silicon-based negative electrode material for a high-capacity lithium-ion battery of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0034] (1) Add 0.5 g of nano-silicon particles with a particle size of 80 nm into 100 ml of absolute ethanol for ultrasonic dispersion for 60 minutes to obtain a nano-silicon dispersion, and add 5 g of artificial silicon particles with a particle size of 0.6 μm to the dispersion under continuous stirring. Graphite was mixed and stirred for 90 minutes, then 6.1 g of citric acid was added to the dispersion and continued to mix and stir for 60 minutes, and the resulting mixed solution was evaporated to dryness in a water bath and vacuum baked at 60°C for 8 hours to obtain a silicon-carbon composite material precursors;

[0035] (2) roasting the silicon-carbon composite material precursor obtained in step (1) at 450° C. for 3 hours under argon protection, and then grinding to obtain a pyrolytic carbon-coated n...

Embodiment 2

[0040] A method for preparing a silicon-based negative electrode material for a high-capacity lithium-ion battery of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0041] (1) Add 0.5 g of nano-silicon particles with a particle size of 8 nm into 200 ml of methanol for ultrasonic dispersion for 120 minutes to obtain a nano-silicon dispersion, and add 2 g of natural graphite with a particle size of 5 μm to the dispersion under continuous stirring. Stir for 120 minutes, then add 3.57g of phenolic resin to the dispersion and continue to mix and stir for 30 minutes. The obtained mixed solution is evaporated to dryness in a water bath and vacuum baked at 120°C for 4 hours to obtain a silicon-carbon composite material precursor;

[0042] (2) Calcining the silicon-carbon composite material precursor obtained in step (1) at 750° C. for 6 hours under argon protection, and then grinding to obtain a pyrolytic carbon-coated nano-silicon / graphite composite material;

[0043] (3) Ge...

Embodiment 3

[0047] A method for preparing a silicon-based negative electrode material for a high-capacity lithium-ion battery of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0048] (1) Add 0.5 g of nano-silicon particles with a particle size of 280 nm into 100 ml of N-methylpyrrolidone for ultrasonic dispersion for 40 minutes to obtain a nano-silicon dispersion, and add 10 g of artificial silicon particles with a particle size of 18 μm to the dispersion under continuous stirring. Graphite was mixed and stirred for 30 minutes, then 1.4g of asphalt powder was added to the dispersion and continued to mix and stir for 45 minutes. The resulting mixed solution was evaporated to dryness in a water bath and vacuum baked at 80°C for 12 hours to obtain a silicon-carbon composite material precursor. body;

[0049] (2) Calcining the silicon-carbon composite material precursor obtained in step (1) at 950° C. for 12 hours under argon protection, and then grinding to obtain a pyrolytic carbo...

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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-capacity silicon-based anode material for a lithium ion battery and a preparation method thereof, and the lithium ion battery. The material comprises nanometer silicon, graphite, organic matter pyrolytic carbon and lithium fluoride. A preparation method comprises the following steps of carrying out mixing, drying and vacuum baking on the nanometer silicon, the graphite and a pyrolytic carbon organic matter precursor to obtain a composite precursor, baking the composite precursor to obtain a pyrolytic carbon coated composite, and utilizing lithium salt solution and fluoride solution to carry out in-situ reaction on the surface of the composite to generate a lithium fluoride coating layer, namely the high-capacity silicon-based anode material for the lithium ion battery. Through in-situ generation of the lithium fluoride on the surface of the silicon-based composite, the interface characteristic of the material is effectively improved, the compactness and the stability of a solid electrolyte membrane formed by the material in the first lithium insertion process is improved, so that the electrochemical performance of the material is improved, the first charge and discharge efficiency of the battery is more than 80%, and the capacity retention ratio after 50 charge and discharge cycles is more than 85%.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of lithium-ion battery negative electrode materials, in particular to a high-capacity lithium-ion battery silicon-based negative electrode material, a preparation method thereof, and a lithium-ion battery. Background technique [0002] Lithium-ion secondary batteries have now become the mainstream chemical power source and are widely used in most mobile terminal devices. Compared with nickel-metal hydride, nickel-cadmium and lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion secondary batteries have high operating voltage, high specific energy and Advantages such as long cycle life have been developed rapidly in recent years, and are more and more widely used in mobile devices such as notebook computers, digital cameras, mobile phones, MP3 and MP4. With the development of mobile devices in the direction of miniaturization and multi-function, higher requirements are placed on the energy density and service life of lithium-ion ...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): H01M4/36H01M4/583H01M4/62H01M4/38H01M4/58H01M10/0525B82Y40/00B82Y30/00
CPCB82Y30/00B82Y40/00H01M4/366H01M4/386H01M4/582H01M4/583H01M4/625H01M10/0525Y02E60/10
Inventor 王志兴杨勇郭华军李新海彭文杰胡启阳
Owner CENT SOUTH UNIV
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