Ceramic nanofiber and preparing method and device thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a ceramic nanofiber and a preparing method and device thereof. The method comprises the steps of providing a precursor solution with spinnability, wherein the precursor solution includes a ceramic precursor, a polymer and a solvent; utilizing airflow to stretch the precursor solution into the nanofiber, and using a collector to collect the nanofiber; conducting sintering on the nanofiber obtained from collection to obtain the ceramic nanofiber. According to the ceramic nanofiber and the preparing method and device thereof, ultra-light, high temperature resistant and cheap ceramic nanofiber can be prepared massively, and the preparing method is fast, efficient and energy conserving, and has potential of industrialized mass production.

Description

technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of material science and engineering. Specifically, the present invention relates to ceramic nanofibers and their preparation methods and equipment, and more specifically, to a preparation method of ceramic nanofibers, ceramic nanofibers and equipment for preparing ceramic nanofibers. Background technique

[0002] The one-dimensional nanostructure of ceramic materials, due to the limitation of dimensions, surface effects and quantum size effects, has undergone many obvious changes in physical and chemical properties, and has many novel properties. Energy, aerospace and many other fields have far-reaching impact.

[0003] At present, the methods for preparing ceramic fibers include controlled growth methods based on CVD and PVD, template methods, chemical liquid phase methods, and electrospinning methods. However, these methods have disadvantages such as difficult preparation, low yield and high cost, which lim...

Examples

Embodiment 1

[0086] In this example, titanium oxide nanofibers and their three-dimensional sponge structures were prepared.

[0087] The specific preparation method is as follows: first prepare the precursor solution, first mix the mixed solvent of acetic acid and ethanol with a mass ratio of 1:3, add tetrabutyl titanate and PVP with a mass ratio of 1:2, and mix The mass fraction of PVP in the obtained precursor solution was 7%; and the prepared precursor solution was passed through a sealed vial and stirred for 6 hours until the PVP was completely dissolved. Then, draw a certain amount of precursor solution into the syringe, and inject the precursor solution from the inner shaft of the coaxial needle at a speed of 3mL / h through the injection pump, while the airflow passes through the outer shaft of the needle at a speed of 21m / s , the precursor solution is stretched into fibers in the air, and the solvent is also rapidly volatilized, and finally nano-scale fibers are formed, which are col...

Embodiment 2

[0090] In this example, zirconia nanofibers and their three-dimensional sponge structures were prepared according to the same preparation method as in Example 1. The difference is that zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl 2 ·8H 2 The mass ratio of O) and PVP is 2:1, the mass ratio of water and ethanol in the mixed solvent is 1:1, the mass fraction of PVP in the precursor solution is 8%, and the precursor solution is stirred at room temperature until the solute is completely dissolved ; The airflow passes through the outer axis of the needle at a speed of 18m / s, and the distance between the liquid outlet and the porous cage collector is 15cm; the sintering temperature is 800°C, and the holding time is 200min, and finally a zirconia nanometer with a diameter of 200nm to 300nm is obtained. Three-dimensional structure composed of fibers.

Embodiment 3

[0092] In this example, barium titanate nanofibers and their three-dimensional sponge structures were prepared according to the same preparation method as in Example 1. The difference is that barium acetate (Ba(Ac) 2 ) and tetrabutyl titanate at a mass ratio of 1:1, the solvent is ethanol, and the precursor solution is stirred at room temperature until the solute is completely dissolved; the precursor solution is injected from the inner shaft of the coaxial needle at a speed of 2.5mL / h , the airflow passes through the outer axis of the needle at a speed of 16m / s, and the distance between the liquid outlet and the porous cage collector is 16cm; the sintering temperature is 750°C, and the holding time is 60min, and finally a barium titanate nanometer with a diameter of about 300nm is obtained. Three-dimensional structure composed of fibers.

technical field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of material science and engineering. Specifically, the present invention relates to ceramic nanofibers and their preparation methods and equipment, and more specifically, to a preparation method of ceramic nanofibers, ceramic nanofibers and equipment for preparing ceramic nanofibers. Background technique

[0002] The one-dimensional nanostructure of ceramic materials, due to the limitation of dimensions, surface effects and quantum size effects, has undergone many obvious changes in physical and chemical properties, and has many novel properties. Energy, aerospace and many other fields have far-reaching impact.

[0003] At present, the methods for preparing ceramic fibers include controlled growth methods based on CVD and PVD, template methods, chemical liquid phase methods, and electrospinning methods. However, these methods have disadvantages such as difficult preparation, low yield and high cost, which lim...

Examples

Embodiment 1

[0086] In this example, titanium oxide nanofibers and their three-dimensional sponge structures were prepared.

[0087] The specific preparation method is as follows: first prepare the precursor solution, first mix the mixed solvent of acetic acid and ethanol with a mass ratio of 1:3, add tetrabutyl titanate and PVP with a mass ratio of 1:2, and mix The mass fraction of PVP in the obtained precursor solution was 7%; and the prepared precursor solution was passed through a sealed vial and stirred for 6 hours until the PVP was completely dissolved. Then, draw a certain amount of precursor solution into the syringe, and inject the precursor solution from the inner shaft of the coaxial needle at a speed of 3mL / h through the injection pump, while the airflow passes through the outer shaft of the needle at a speed of 21m / s , the precursor solution is stretched into fibers in the air, and the solvent is also rapidly volatilized, and finally nano-scale fibers are formed, which are col...

Embodiment 2

[0090] In this example, zirconia nanofibers and their three-dimensional sponge structures were prepared according to the same preparation method as in Example 1. The difference is that zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl 2 ·8H 2 The mass ratio of O) and PVP is 2:1, the mass ratio of water and ethanol in the mixed solvent is 1:1, the mass fraction of PVP in the precursor solution is 8%, and the precursor solution is stirred at room temperature until the solute is completely dissolved ; The airflow passes through the outer axis of the needle at a speed of 18m / s, and the distance between the liquid outlet and the porous cage collector is 15cm; the sintering temperature is 800°C, and the holding time is 200min, and finally a zirconia nanometer with a diameter of 200nm to 300nm is obtained. Three-dimensional structure composed of fibers.

Embodiment 3

[0092] In this example, barium titanate nanofibers and their three-dimensional sponge structures were prepared according to the same preparation method as in Example 1. The difference is that barium acetate (Ba(Ac) 2 ) and tetrabutyl titanate at a mass ratio of 1:1, the solvent is ethanol, and the precursor solution is stirred at room temperature until the solute is completely dissolved; the precursor solution is injected from the inner shaft of the coaxial needle at a speed of 2.5mL / h , the airflow passes through the outer axis of the needle at a speed of 16m / s, and the distance between the liquid outlet and the porous cage collector is 16cm; the sintering temperature is 750°C, and the holding time is 60min, and finally a barium titanate nanometer with a diameter of about 300nm is obtained. Three-dimensional structure composed of fibers.

Images