209 results about "Science and engineering" patented technology

The invention relates to a preparation method of metal mono-atoms and belongs to the technical field of materials science and engineering. The metal mono-atoms prepared through the method may include: Pt, Ag, Au, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, Co, Ni and Cu, and metal mono-atoms supported on TiO2, zinc oxide, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, ferric oxide, manganese oxide, C3N4, mesoporous carbon, ultrathin carbon films, graphene, carbon nano tubes or molecular sieve materials, etc. The method includes the steps of: preparing a precursor solution in a certain concentration, and freezing the solution; and under an ice phase, processing ice cubes by means of external field or reaction between reactants in the ice cubes, and when the ice cubes are molten, a mono-atom solution is finally produced; mixing the mono-atom solution with different materials, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtration, cleaning and drying to finally obtain the mono-atoms supported on various materials. The preparation method is quick, has high product density, allows mass production, is high in efficiency and has wide application range, and compared with a co-precipitation method and an impregnation method, the method has significant advantages.

The invention belongs to the technical field of material science and engineering and relates to a forecasting method of the creep life of a high-temperature material. With the rise of working temperature, the probability of creep failure of high-temperature equipment and high-temperature mechanisms and the ponderance of accidents caused by the creep failure in modern industry are both increased greatly. The forecasting method of the creep life of the high-temperature material comprises the following steps of: acquiring data of material at different temperatures, wherein each test point comprises temperature, stress and fracture time; calculating the test data to obtain a P value that each test stress Sigma corresponds to according to a formula; conducting LH parametric method curvilinear regression to obtain a main curve of an LH regression curve, wherein the mathematical expression of the regression curve is lg Sigma=A0+AIP+A2P2+...; and calculating creep life under different temperatures and stress conditions on the regression curve. The invention has the advantages of improving the forecasting precision of the creep life of the material and the reliability of life assessment and having wide application range and simple forecasting method.

The invention belongs to the fields of environmental science and engineering, and in particular relates to a method for preparing a bismuth ferrite photocatalyst capable of efficiently degrading organic pollutants in water by utilizing photocatalysis technology. The photocatalyst bismuth ferrite is synthesized by a solvent method; and during synthesis, a molar ratio of bismuth nitrate to ferric nitrate is 12:1, a xenon lamp is taken as a light source, and the bismuth ferrite is fully mixed with neural red solutions with different concentrations to photo-catalyze and degrade the neutral red dye in aqueous solution. The invention provides a high-efficiency method for removing the neutral read dye from the water. The method can remove over 70 percent of the neutral red dye (the concentration is 10 to 30 milligrams/liter) from the water in 2 hours; moreover, the photocatalyst has the advantages of simple preparation process, large particle size and easy recycling; and the method has the advantages of easy operation, low cost, high efficiency, time conservation, and good industrial application prospect.

The invention belongs to the fields of material science and engineering, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a gradient silicon carbide ceramic membrane for water purification. The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a silicon carbide ceramic support body; (2) preparing a silicon carbide intermediate layer; and (3) preparing a silicon carbide film, and finally preparing the gradient silicon carbide ceramic membrane for the water purification. The method has the beneficial effects that the prepared silicon carbide ceramic membrane material is high in communicating porosity, high in strength, high in pure water flux, and high in strong acid and alkali resistance; the pore distribution is in a gradient shape, different levels of connection surface are high in bonding strength, the method is simple and convenient to operate, and the gradient silicon carbide ceramic membrane is high in yield. According to the prepared gradient silicon carbide ceramic membrane material for water purification, the breaking strength is greater than 30MPa, the pure water flux is greater than 5m<3>/(m<2>h), and the range tolerance of the pH value is 0-14.

A building fire evacuation path planning method and a building fire evacuation path planning system belong to the field of safety science and engineering and management optimization. The method and the system are provided in order to solve the technical problem on how to get optimal evacuation paths through one-off optimization calculation according to the fire point and a fire dynamic spread model under the premise that all to-be-evacuated people in a building just avoid a dynamic fire zone when a fire occurs to the building. In the one-time path optimization calculation process, the road network environment in the building is not static, but changes with the calculation process according to the given fire dynamic spread model. After path optimization calculation is finished, the system of the invention starts guide devices pre-installed in the building and sends the path optimization result and other information to the mobile application clients of the to-be-evacuated people, so that the to-be-evacuated people at different positions in the building can be guided by the guide devices and the mobile application clients to evacuate according to respective optimal evacuation paths.

The present invention belongs to the field of environmental science and engineering technology, in the concrete, it relates to a preparation method of new-type mesopore bismuth titanate photacatalyst for degrading organic pollutant. Said method includes the following steps: using bismuth nitrate and titanate as main raw material, using block interpolymer surfactant as structure guide agent, adopting acetic acid as hydrolysis catalyst, utilizing solvent thermal synthesis method to prepare titanium-bismuth composite oxide gel, making said gel undergo the processes of filtering, drying, high-temperature calcining and crystallizing so as to obtain the mesopore bismuth titanate material with photocatalytic activity.

The invention relates to new technology and a new method suitable for the storage and fresh keeping of edible mushrooms, belongs to the technical fields of the storage and processing of agricultural products and agricultural horticulture in food science and engineering, and relates to comprehensive technology and a comprehensive method for high-oxygen atmosphere packaging of the edible mushrooms, which can be applied to the storage and fresh keeping of flammulina velutipes, button mushrooms, pleurotus ferulae, lentinus edodes and the like. The edible mushrooms are delicious in taste and rich in nutrients, and have the diet therapy and health care effects of reducing cholesterol, preventing hypertension, gastrointestinal ulcer, hepatopathy and hyperlipemia, resisting cancers, improving organism immunity and the like. The edible mushrooms such as flammulina velutipes, the button mushrooms and the like are fresh food predominantly, but fresh mushrooms are easy to generate brown stain, pileus stretching and decay after picking due to high moisture, and thus the fresh mushrooms are short in refreshing time. The invention adopts the comprehensive fresh-keeping technology and the comprehensive fresh-keeping method such as high-oxygen atmosphere packaging technology (HOAP), natural food preservatives, food absorbent and the like to achieve the aims of retaining the freshness of the edible mushrooms, restraining bacteria, avoiding moisture loss, preventing pileus from stretching and browning, preventing the edible mushrooms from generating peculiar smell and prolonging the storage refreshing time of the edible mushrooms.

The invention relates to a method for preparing an organic/inorganic phase change energy storage composite material, and belongs to the field of material science and engineering. The method comprises the following steps of: calcining kieselguhr; adding the calcined kieselguhr into water, performing size mixing, and performing the modification of pore channels and surfaces by using organic matter;and compounding the modified kieselguhr and an organic phase change material to obtain the organic/inorganic phase change energy storage composite material with a temperature regulating function. In the organic/inorganic phase change energy storage composite material prepared by the method, the phase change temperature is between 15 and 30 DEG C, phase change potential heat is more than or equal to 75 J/g, phase change substances are seldom leaked in the phase change process, and the stability of phase change performance is high; and the organic/inorganic phase change energy storage compositematerial is simple in a preparation process, low in cost and high in practicality.

The invention belongs to the field of material science and engineering and relates to a special flux-cored wire for carrying out preheating-free and heat treatment-free surfacing repair and reproducing on shaft and gear parts. The special flux-cored wire comprises the following chemical compositions in percentage by weight: 5 to 10 percent of fluorite, 20 to 40 percent of high-carbon ferrochrome, 5 to 10 percent of high carbon ferromanganese, 5 to 10 percent of ferrosilicon, 5 to 10 percent of ferromolybdenum, 10 to 15 percent of rare earth oxide, 15 to 20 percent of metallic nickel, 2 to 5 percent of ferrovanadium, 2 to 5 percent of ferrocolumbium, 2 to 5 percent of ferrotitanium, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of graphite, 5 to 15 percent of iron powder, 0.5 to 2 percent of nitride and 1 to 3 percent of aluminum magnesium alloy. A sheath of the special flux-cored wire is a low-carbon steel strip. The special flux-cored wire can be suitable for open arc welding or submerged arc welding. The series flux-core wire for surfacing can carry out surfacing repair and reproducing on the shaft and gear parts under the conditions that preheating is free before surfacing and heat treatment is free after surfacing. The surfacing metal has high crack resistance. The performance of the repaired parts is equal to or even superior to that of the original parts. The special flux-cored wire is convenient to use on site. The hardness range is between HRC20 and HRC45. The service life of the repaired parts is about 3 times longer than that of the original parts.

The invention discloses a method for predicting the fatigue life of a lead-free solder joint in electronic packaging, which belongs to the technology of materials science and engineering application. How to effectively predict the service life of the lead-free solder joints of an electronic packaging structure attracts great attention of enterprises. The method for predicting the fatigue life of the lead-free solder joint in electronic packaging comprises the following steps: (1) obtaining the performance parameter of the material of each part of an electronic packaging device, and determining a constitutive model of the solder joint; (2) establishing a three-dimensional finite element model according to the researched structure of the electronic packaging device, and adding boundary conditions and corresponding loads according to the actual service conditions to perform value analogue analysis; and (3) analyzing the solder joint reliability and predicting the service life. The invention has the advantages of reasonably considering the coupling effect of plastic strain and creep strain generated by the same mechanism, thus greatly improving the precision and reliability of the service life prediction result, while ensuring simple prediction method and shortening the product development period.

The invention belongs to the field of modern isolation analysis materials science and engineering, it relates to preparation method and application of microwave assistant molecular print magnetic microsphere, the procedure as follows: adopting microwave chemical reactor, taking nanometer magnetic fluid as magnetic nuclei, by cleaning and external modification, ultrasound detracting to water; mounted pattern molecule and functional monomer self-assembly; adding polymeric liquor by step, cross link agent and initiator, making it mixes and separates with magnetic fluid fully by stirring of machine, microwave procedure controlled temperature and heats up, until raising polymerization; Magnetic separates the foregoing magnetic microsphere, removing mounted pattern molecule, vacuum drying, aging. The molecular print magnetic microsphere has not only recognize ability of mounted pattern molecule and its analogue, but also has the approved characteristic of 'gathering hyphen recycle', the process of preparation heats up with microwave, decreasing the time of print aggregation, improving homogeneity and print efficiency of polymer form. The molecular print magnetic sphere applies to gather, isolate and analysis of structure analogue in the environmental sample, eatable etc complex samples.

The invention discloses a method for purifying tail gas of a diesel engine through plasmas, belongs to the technical field of environmental science and engineering science and relates to a method for purifying the tail gas of the diesel engine through plasmas. The method is characterized in that oxygen plasmas O2<+>, O<+>,O2<->, O<->, O, O2<-> (a1[detal]g) and O3 are injected into a tail gas discharging pipeline of the diesel engine; O2<+> reacts with water in the tail gas to generate hydroxyl radical OH which reacts with NOx and SO2 in the tail gas to generate nitric acid and sulfuric acid mist; under the action of a static electric field, a resource substance nitric acid solution is formed; or Ca(OH)2 is used for harmless disposal of nitric acid to generate Ca(NO3)2; meanwhile, CO, HC and carbon particles in the tail gas are eliminated; the efficiency of removal of the pollutants in the tail gas of the diesel engine by the plasmas is 85-99.8 percent.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection science and engineering, and in particular relates to a biological aerated filter for sewage treatment and a process. The biological aerated filter adopts a mode of two-stage series connection; a filter plate is arranged in the biological aerated filter; support layers are arranged on the filter plate; a first stage positioned above the support layers is provided with fillings; a second stage positioned above the support layers is provided with the fillings; an air pipe is arranged between the filter plate and the supportlayers; the upper part between the two stages of the biological aerated filter is provided with a water pore; the bottoms of the two stages of the biological aerated filter are provided with perforation spoil disposal pipes; a water inlet pipe is arranged at the lower part of the filter plate through the first-stage biological aerated filter; a back flush water inlet pipe and an outlet pipe are arranged at the lower part of the filter plate through the second-stage biological aerated filter, and a back flush outlet pipe is arranged at the upper part of the filter plate. The biological aeratedfilter has the process technology for sewage treatment with less land occupation, investment saving, low operating cost, high efficiency and convenient operation and management, and can be widely applied to the sewage treatment.

The invention relates to a method for synthesizing high-performance metallic materials in a low-temperature liquid phase, and belongs to the field of material science and engineering technology and chemistry. The prepared metallic materials comprises monatomic, diatomic, polyatomic, atomic cluster or ultrafine nanoparticle and other materials composed of one or more metallic elements such as Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt and Au synthesized chemically in the low-temperature liquid phase.

The invention relates to a method for predicting the creep-fatigue service life of an aluminum alloy piston of a high-power diesel engine, belonging to the field of material science and engineering application technologyies. The influences of large-range and periodic working condition change of the high-power diesel engine on the fatigue service life of the piston structure are taken into account in the method, a new fatigue period is defined to predict the service life of the piston; considering that the engine works under a long-time variable working condition, and the non-linear coupling action between the creep damage and the fatigue damage generated inside a material can be effectively overcome through a creep-fatigue service life prediction model which is built on the basis of damage mechanics.

The present invention relates to a controllable preparation method of a nitrogen-doped porous carbon-supported metal monoatomic material, and belongs to the technical field of material science and engineering. According to the present invention, porphyrin and a metalloporphyrin are polymerized through a polymerization reaction. The proportions of the porphyrin and the metalloporphyrin are regulated to regulate a metal content (0.06-4.00wt%), and monoatomic metal types (A type, AB type, ABC type) are regulated by regulating different types of metalloporphyrins. According to the present invention, controllable preparation of a metal monoatomic material is realized with good expansibility and reproducibility; meanwhile, the problems of low metal content, few types and the like in the prior art are solved, and researches in the related fields such as the synthetic methodology of metal monoatomic materials and the like.

Persimmon brandy and a brewing method belong to the technical field of brewing science and engineering. The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the persimmon brandy keeping the original flavor of persimmons and a brewing method of the persimmon brandy. The process is as follows: 1. raw material treatment; 2. primary fermentation; 3. principal fermentation; 4. distillation; 5. ageing; and 6. blending and filling. The invention has the following advantages: 1. full persimmon juice is adopted for fermentation, without adding water; 2. pectinase is not added in the processes of juice extraction and fruit wine brewing, astringency removal process is omitted and the content of methanol is extremely low; 3. methode charantaise is adopted; and 4. oak barrels are adopted during ageing. The invention plays important roles in promoting reasonable processing and utilization of the persimmon resources, forming the post-harvest processing industrial chain and adjusting the fruit processing industrial structure.

The invention provides a self-organizing fuzzy neural network-based soft measurement method for effluent ammonia-nitrogen concentration, belongs to the field of control science and engineering, and also belongs to the field of environmental science and engineering. According to the method, effluent ammonia-nitrogen concentration in a wastewater treatment process is predicted by a self-organizing fuzzy neural network, so that real-time detection on the effluent ammonia-nitrogen concentration in the wastewater treatment process is achieved; accurate prediction of the effluent ammonia-nitrogen concentration is beneficial to solving the problem of restricting real-time measurement of effluent ammonia and nitrogen and ensuring that key water emission reaches the standard in real time; and meanwhile, real-time prediction on the effluent ammonia-nitrogen concentration in wastewater treatment is an important link for achieving wastewater treatment process control and is an important basis for normal operation of the wastewater treatment process. The method provided by the invention achieves real-time detection of the effluent ammonia-nitrogen concentration, obtains relatively good accuracy, solves the problem that the effluent ammonia-nitrogen concentration is difficult to detect in real time and ensures stable and safe operation of the wastewater treatment process.

The invention discloses a low-temperature preparation method of a photocatalyst codoping titanium dioxide, carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. The method is characterized in that an inorganic titanium compound is taken as a precursor and the biomolecular amino acid is taken as a dopant so as to carry out hydrothermal reaction at a lower temperature, and the product thus obtained is the titanium dioxide codoping carbon, nitrogen and sulfur; compared with the undoped titanium dioxide, the band-gap energy of the titanium dioxide becomes narrower owing to the synergetic action among the carbon, the nitrogen and the sulfur, therefore, the response to visible light is enhanced and the activity under visible light is obviously improved, particularly, the photocatalyst has high activity in gas phase degradation; and the photocatalyst has the advantages of simple preparation process, mild conditions and good repeatability, and can be applied to the fields of environmental science and engineering.

The invention discloses a method for processing data of systems of linear equations and a device, which relate to the field of high-performance computation of computers and the field of scientific and engineering numerical calculation. The method includes determining the maximum number M of the systems of linear equations which are parallelly solved by a GPU (graphic processing unit) at one step according to the size of a graphic memory of the GPU and the size of dimensions of a coefficient matrix of the to-be-computed systems of linear equations; parallelly solving M equations by the aid of a kernel of the GPU until the integral systems of linear equations are solved when the M is larger than or equal to the number of stream processors of the GPU; and calling a matrix algebra library based on the GPU and a many-core architecture to compute the systems of linear equations when the M is smaller than the number of the stream processors of the GPU, and solving one system of linear equations at a time. The invention further discloses a data processing device for the systems of linear equations. The method and the device in the technical scheme meet requirements of specific algorithms of industrial production, the computation performance is improved, and power consumption is greatly reduced.

Persimmon wine and a brewing method belong to the technical field of brewing science and engineering. The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the persimmon wine keeping the original flavor of persimmons and a brewing method of the persimmon wine. The process is as follows: 1. selecting fruit; 2. breaking and sterilizing; 3. adding yeast and primarily fermenting for 1d; 4. juicing and separating pomace; 5. adding sugar and secondarily fermenting; 6. filtering residue and can sealing; 7. clarifying with pectinase and filtering; and 8.cryotreating and canning. The persimmon wine is characterized in that the persimmon wine is faint yellow, clear and transparent and has pure, fine, refreshing and harmonious aroma. The invention has the following advantages: 1. full persimmons are extracted and the juice is used for fermentation, without adding water; and 2. pectinase is not added in the processes of juice extraction and fruit wine brewing, and astringency removal process is omitted. The invention plays important roles in promoting reasonable processing and utilization of the persimmon resources, forming the post-harvest processing industrial chain and adjusting the fruit processing industrial structure.

The invention provides an online examination system and method and is applied to curriculum examinations of electric basic subjects. A technical bottleneck problem of online examination in science and engineering curriculums, namely answer and automatic grading of subjective questions such as calculation questions, design questions and drawing questions is well solved. According to the system, the needed formulas, circuit diagrams and oscillograms in examination can be recorded or drawn, the answering process is read over according to the answering operation process and key data information recorded by the system, and scores are given. The system is suitable for the current educational development demands, accords with basic thinking of promoting educational reform by utilizing a modern information technology and has high popularization value.

The invention relates to a method capable of precisely calibrating optical constant of metals and semiconductor thin film materials. The method is applicable to thin film state metals and semiconductor materials prepared by any processes. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a thin film sample with the thickness of 15-100nm; precisely calibrating the thickness by an X-ray total reflection spectrum method; testing a transmissivity spectral line and a reflectivity spectral line; and solving the optical constant by a graphical method. Compared with conventional spectrum direct analyzing method, the method provided by the invention can solve the problem of precisely solving the thickness of metals and semiconductor thin films, reduces the error caused by inability of precisely calibrating the thickness, simplifies the solving process and improves the solving precision and speed of the optical constant. The method has wide applicability and can provide accurate reference data to all scientific and engineering problems related to the optical constant of the metals and semiconductor thin film materials.

The present invention relates to a comprehensive test apparatus for coal or biomass combustion flue gas pollutants, and a method thereof. The comprehensive test apparatus comprises a combustion-supporting gas supply and regulation system, a high-temperature tube type furnace system, a pipeline system and a flue gas pollutant analysis system, wherein the combustion-supporting gas supply and regulation system is connected with the high-temperature tube type furnace system through a high temperature resistance detachable flange on the front end of the pipeline system, and the high-temperature tube type furnace system is connected with the flue gas pollutant analysis system through a high temperature resistance detachable flange on the rear end of the pipeline system, such that the integrated test on the discharge characteristics of the gas-state pollutants and the particle pollutants during the coal combustion process, the biomass combustion process or the coal and biomass mixed combustion process can be simultaneously achieved. With the apparatus and the method of the present invention, the discharge characteristics of various pollutants in the coal or biomass combustion flue gas can be completely and comprehensively measured in one time, the advantages of economy and efficiency are provided, the error caused by the multiple measurements can be reduced, and the apparatus and the method can be widely used in energy sources, environments, chemical industry and other science and engineering fields.

The invention belongs to the field of material science and engineering, and its chemical composition is as follows: (wt%): Cu 5.8~6.8, Mn 0.2~0.4, Ti 0.05~0.2, Zr 0.05~0.25, V 0.01~0.20, Cr 0.01~0.25, Fe 0.15, Si 0.08, Zn 0.05, Mg 0.02, and the balance is Al; the welding wire is refined by traditional melting and casting process according to the formula. The invention satisfies the manufacturing problem of high-strength aluminum-copper alloy matched welding wire by controlling the components. The welding wire of the invention has low sensitivity to welding cracks, small weld seam porosity sensitivity, and excellent joint mechanical properties.