Synthetic method for size-controllable silicon nanotubes for lithium ion batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a synthesis method of size-controllable silicon nanotubes for lithium ion batteries. The method comprises the steps as follows: firstly, magnetically stirring a silicon source, a template agent, a dispersant, a catalyst and a solvent at a temperature of 20-35 DEG C for 12-24 hours, and performing centrifugation and drying to obtain mesoporous silica nanorods; then dispersing the mesoporous silica nanorods in a solvent, adding a surfactant with a surface protection effect and an etching effect, heating the mixed solution to 90-150 DEG C, performing magnetic stirring for 2-12 hours, allowing the mixed solution to stand for 2-8 hours, and performing centrifugation, cleaning and vacuum drying to constant weight to obtain silica nanotubes; finally, calcining the silica nanotubes with a reducing agent in a tube furnace at 640-670 DEG C under the protection of argon for 2-4 h to obtain the silicon nanotubes. The synthesis method has the characteristics that the volume expansion effect in the processes of charge and discharge of silicon lithium ion battery anode materials can be well solved, and the length / diameter ratio and the thickness dimension of the silicon nanotubes can be effectively controlled.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to a method for synthesizing silicon nanotubes, in particular to a method for synthesizing silicon controlled silicon nanotubes with the size of lithium ion batteries. Background technique [0002] Since the synthesis of carbon nanotubes, because of their large specific surface area and cavity structure, they have become a research hotspot for scientific researchers. application. Silicon is currently an ideal anode material for lithium-ion batteries. It has high theoretical specific capacity and low lithium intercalation potential. Silicon is sp3 hybridized, and it is not easy to form a tubular structure, but tends to form a linear solid structure. Then it is easy to form silicon nanowires when preparing silicon nanomaterials. [0003] The current methods of synthesizing silicon nanotubes mainly include template method, hydrothermal method, etc., but there are some problems: the template method is the disordered accumulation o...

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Problems solved by technology

[0003] The current methods of synthesizing silicon nanotubes mainly include template method, hydrothermal method, etc., but there are some problems: the template method is the disordered accumulation of silicon atoms on the template, which cannot well reflect the properties of silicon nanotubes when used as a negative electrode material. characteristics, it cannot solve the volume expansion effect existing in the process of charging and discharging silicon as the negative electrode material of lithium-ion batteries, and the hydrothermal method is difficult to achieve the controllability of the synthesis size, such as the aspect ratio and thickness are difficult to be effectively controlled

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