Preparation of transitional metal/nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon nano material and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a transitional metal/nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon nano material and an application method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a cathodic oxygen reduction reaction catalyst for a fuel battery by taking a surfactant as a soft template; first, synthesizing a hollow polymer precursor by means of self assembly of thetemplate in a hydrothermal process and strong interaction between the template and a carbon source precursor; then doping transitional metals and heteroatoms through an oil bath and full grinding; and finally, putting the reactant in a program control tubular furnace, carrying out carbonizing at a high temperature in an inert atmosphere at 600-900 DEG C to obtain the transitional metal/nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon nano material. The transitional metal/nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon nano material prepared by the method has a relatively high specific surface area, good conductivity and sufficient active site and shows excellent electrocatalytic activity, good stability and methanol poisoning resistance to oxygen reduction reaction. The preparation method is low in cost and simple in process, has certain universality, and has certain guiding meaning in synthesizing the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction catalyst for the fuel battery.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the field of chemical energy materials, and specifically relates to the preparation of hollow carbon sphere-based nanomaterials, in particular to the preparation and preparation of transition metal / nitrogen co-doped hollow carbon sphere nanomaterials for catalyzing the reduction of oxygen at the cathode of a fuel cell to generate water. its application. Background technique [0002] With the depletion of traditional non-renewable fossil energy such as oil and natural gas, the energy crisis has become one of the major problems facing the world today. Various energy conversion technologies for conversion have emerged. Among them, the fuel cell is developing rapidly and is considered to be the energy star of the 21st century. It can directly convert the chemical energy in the fuel and oxidant into electrical energy without being limited by the Carnot cycle. The conversion efficiency is as high as more than 60%; and the product is...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, the commercialization of fuel cells has been stagnant due to technical and cost issues, in which the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction has become the main constraint factor limiting the power of fuel cells due to its slow kinetics (involving multi-electron reactions), usually in the presence of catalysts. The reaction rate can only be improved under the condition of the present commercial oxygen reduction catalyst is Pt / C, but due to the scarcity of precious metal platinum, high price, poor long-term stability and vulnerability to methanol poisoning, the wide range of fuel cells Applications are limited to a greater extent

However, the preparation of the above-mentioned catalysts still has the following problems: In order to improve the force between metal and carbon materials, carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene need to be pretreated by oxidation to generate various oxygen-containing groups and Edge defects provide sufficient sites for metal anchoring; the preparation process of this method is cumbersome and requires the use of strong oxidants, which is time-consuming and expensive, and its commercial application is difficult to promote

However, the existing problem is that the catalytic activity of the above-mentioned catalysts prepared by the one-step hydrothermal method is low, and there is still a large gap compared with the commercial Pt / C

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