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Waste lithium battery pyrolyzation, defluorination and dechlorination method

A technology for used lithium batteries and lithium batteries, which is applied in battery recycling, chemical instruments and methods, and solid waste removal to achieve high resource utilization and high efficiency.

Active Publication Date: 2020-08-07
BEIJING MINING & METALLURGICAL TECH GRP CO LTD
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, this method involves the subsequent treatment of various gases, and the gas volatilized from a small amount of plastics, PVDF and LiPF6 needs to be harmlessly treated in a long process such as condensation, dust removal, and adsorption.

Method used

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  • Waste lithium battery pyrolyzation, defluorination and dechlorination method

Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0033] Manually disassemble the power battery pack into modules. The additive is added to crush the battery once, and the crushed product is subjected to steam drying treatment, and after drying, it is sorted once to select large pieces of metal, diaphragm, and plastic. Secondary crushing is carried out, and the crushed products are subjected to secondary sorting to sort out plastics and metals. A certain amount of absorbent is added, and pyrolysis is carried out in a three-layer rotary kiln, and the pyrolysis product is broken up and screened to obtain black powder. The specific operation of the pyrolysis process is as follows.

[0034] After checking the performance of the airtight structure of the rotary kiln to meet the standard, the rotary kiln is deoxygenated, and the nitrogen replacement gas in the kiln is combined with vacuuming to remove the oxygen in the kiln, and the rotary kiln is preheated to reach a high temperature zone of 500-550°C. Put battery waste and abso...

Embodiment 2

[0038] Vacuum pyrolysis + alkali leaching defluorination process

[0039] After 2 crushing and sorting of recovered waste lithium batteries, the particle size is <2cm, take 40g and put it into the middle kiln of the closed three-layer rotary kiln, carry out a vacuum treatment until the vacuum pressure is <100Pa, heat to 400°C, and roast for 0.75 h, 37.96g of roasted material was obtained. After roasting, it was dispersed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain 30.11g of black powder. After testing and analysis, the tailings contained Ni 11.96%, Co12.04, Mn11.60%, Li 4.88%, and Cu0.5%. , Al 0.32%, F 2.04%, Cl<0.016%. After the traditional wet alkali elution fluorine treatment, the black powder F<0.1%.

Embodiment 3

[0041] Nitrogen protected pyrolysis + absorbent defluorination

[0042] Recycling waste lithium batteries after 2 times of crushing and sorting, particle size <1cm, take 200g and put it into the middle kiln of the closed three-layer rotary kiln, add 100g of absorbing material to the inner kiln, carry out pyrolysis under nitrogen protection, heat to 450°C, and roast After 1.20 hours, the roasted material rate was 95.2%. After roasting, it was dispersed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain 75.38% black powder. The black powder contained Ni 12.56%, Co 12.38, Mn11.96%, Li 5.08%, Cu0.52 %, Al 0.43%, F 1.04%, Cl<0.001%, compared with the F content (F 2.04%) after defluorination pyrolysis in Example 2, the defluorination rate is increased by about 50%.

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Abstract

The invention provides a waste lithium battery pyrolyzation, defluorination and dechlorination method and belongs to the technical field of waste lithium battery recycling. The method comprises the steps of discharging and dismantling waste lithium batteries; conducting primary crushing, drying a crushed product, conducting primary separation on the dried crushed product, conducting secondary crushing and secondary separation, conducting pyrolyzation, defluorination, dechlorination and in-situ fluorine and chlorine absorption on a separated material, scattering and screening a pyrolyzed product to obtain black powder, conducting washing and separation on copper and aluminum foil to obtain copper and aluminum products, pyrolyzing and drying flue gas, conducting condensing, dust removal, spraying, adsorption and ignition on the flue gas, and then discharging the flue gas. Pyrolyzation, defluorination, dechlorination and in-situ fluorine and chlorine absorption are codncuted in an airtight rotary kiln. The airtight rotary kiln comprises three layers, the inner layer belongs to an absorbing agent, the middle layer belongs to a pyrolyzation material layer, and the outer layer belongs toa heating layer. Through the waste lithium battery pyrolyzation, defluorination and dechlorination method, various types of lithium batteries, such as car power batteries, energy storage power station batteries, base station batteries and consumer elec product batteries, can be treated, and valuable components such as plastics, metal and black powder can be effectively recycled. The waste lithiumbattery pyrolyzation, defluorination and dechlorination method is high in defluorination and dechlorination efficiency and has the advantages of being energy-saving, environment-friendly and high inresource utilization rate.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of recycling waste lithium batteries, and relates to a method for pyrolysis and defluorination of waste lithium batteries, in particular to a method for recovering black powder and valuable metals through pyrolysis and defluorination of waste lithium batteries. Background technique [0002] At present, the process of using the fire method to recycle the black powder of waste lithium batteries is as follows: after the battery pack is disassembled into modules, it is crushed and sorted one to three times to select large pieces of diaphragm and plastic. After the separation, the product is defluorinated and pyrolyzed. Due to the high fluorine content of the lithium battery adhesive PVDF, vacuum furnace pyrolysis is often used to remove the fluorine-containing adhesive and other small amounts of chlorine compounds and organic matter, and then the thermal decomposition products are sieved to screen out the copper...

Claims

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Application Information

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IPC IPC(8): B09B3/00B09B5/00H01M10/54
CPCB09B3/00B09B5/00H01M10/54B09B3/40Y02W30/78Y02W30/82Y02W30/84
Inventor 周起帆黄胜郑朝振秦树辰张学东闫丽
Owner BEIJING MINING & METALLURGICAL TECH GRP CO LTD