Safe synthesis method of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

Abstract

The invention provides a safe synthesis method of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, wherein the safe synthesis method comprises the steps: based on the isomerism characteristics of 1,3,5-cyclohexyltriketone imine and 1,3,5-triaminobenzene, taking 1,3,5-cyclohexyltriketone as a reaction raw material, and preparing N,N',N''-triacetyl-1,3,5-triaminobenzene through a trioximation reaction, an N-O bond cleavage-isomerism reaction and an N-acylation reaction; and taking N,N',N''-triacetyl-1,3,5-triaminobenzene as a raw material, and preparing TATB through a multi-stage one-pot tri-nitration reaction. The method has the significant characteristic of the multi-stage one-pot tri-nitration reaction, so that the amination step of an explosive multi-nitro-compound is avoided so as to substantially improve the safety, the used reactants or the used catalyst is the common product in the chemical industry, the use of a non-degradable organic solvent is avoided, the green and safe synthesis is achieved; and meanwhile, on the basis of the characteristics of a one-pot method, the operation process is simplified, operations such as separation, purification and collection of an intermediate product are avoided, and large-scale preparation of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene is facilitated.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the fields of chemical industry and new materials, and mainly relates to a safe synthesis method of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene. Background technique [0002] 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) is one of the most excellent insensitivity explosives at present. It is extremely insensitivity to friction, flame and impact, and has good Stability and thermal stability (its thermal decomposition temperature is 350°C, impact sensitivity (H 50 ) is 170cm, friction sensitivity is 36kg, and has considerable detonation performance (detonation velocity is 8159m / s, detonation pressure is 30.5GPa). Therefore, it can be widely used in special environments that require high explosive insensitivity, such as nuclear weapons, and is currently one of the most important high-performance insensitive explosives. [0003] At present, TATB can be mainly prepared by the following chemical synthesis methods: (1) using 1,3,5-trichlorob...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Among them, the cost of raw material TCB used in method (1) is relatively high, and the chlorine atoms are often not completely replaced in the amination step, and the residual chlorine-containing by-products will significantly reduce the quality of the final product, which is harmful to the safety and compatibility of explosives. Performance parameters such as all have adverse effects; Method (2) is starting raw material with phloroglucinol, compares method (1) and cost declines to some extent, has avoided the residue of chlorinated by-product simultaneously, but these two kinds of methods The amination steps are all carried out under high temperature and pressure, and there are safety problems such as harsh reaction conditions and difficult operation; method (3) uses 4-nitroaniline as a raw material, and its amination steps are different from the previous two methods, but utilize 4 -Amino-1,2-triazole attacks 2,4,6-trinitroaniline, and removes neutral molecules by introducing nucleophilic species to carry out heavy aromatization process to obtain the target product TATB, so method (3) is more advanced than the first two The method is milder and safer, but this method mostly uses dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent, which increases the cost of wastewater post-treatment

[0004] In summary, for the synthetic method of TATB, there are still the following problems: (1) higher raw material cost, especially the synthetic method with 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene as the starting material; (2) harsh reaction Conditions often require high temperature and high pressure for amination reaction; (3) the impact of chlorine-containing by-products and environmental pollution problems

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