A kind of safe synthetic method of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene

Abstract

The invention provides a safe synthesis method of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene. The method comprises: based on the isomerization characteristics of 1,3,5-cyclohexanetrione imine and 1,3,5-triaminobenzene, using 1,3,5-cyclohexanetrione as a reaction raw material, passing trioxime N-O bond cleavage-isomerization reaction and N-acylation reaction to obtain N,N',N"-triacetyl-1,3,5-triaminobenzene; N,N',N" ‑Triacetyl‑1,3,5‑triaminobenzene was used as raw material, and TATB was prepared by a multi-stage one-pot trinitration reaction. The method is characterized by the multi-stage one-pot trinitration reaction, which not only avoids the amination step of explosive polynitro compounds, but greatly improves the safety, and the reactants or catalysts used are commonly used in the chemical industry. The product avoids the use of refractory organic solvents and realizes the theme of green and safe synthesis. At the same time, based on the characteristics of the one-pot method, it simplifies the operation process and avoids the separation, purification and collection of intermediate products, which is conducive to the realization of 1,3 , Large-scale preparation of 5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the fields of chemical industry and new materials, and mainly relates to a safe synthesis method of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene. Background technique [0002] 1,3,5-Triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) is one of the most excellent insensitivity explosives at present. It is extremely insensitivity to friction, flame and impact, and has good Stability and thermal stability (its thermal decomposition temperature is 350°C, impact sensitivity (H 50 ) is 170cm, friction sensitivity is 36kg, and has considerable detonation performance (detonation velocity is 8159m / s, detonation pressure is 30.5GPa). Therefore, it can be widely used in special environments that require high explosive insensitivity, such as nuclear weapons, and is currently one of the most important high-performance insensitive explosives. [0003] At present, TATB can be mainly prepared by the following chemical synthesis methods: (1) using 1,3,5-trichlorob...

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Problems solved by technology

Among them, the cost of raw material TCB used in method (1) is relatively high, and the chlorine atoms are often not completely replaced in the amination step, and the residual chlorine-containing by-products will significantly reduce the quality of the final product, which is harmful to the safety and compatibility of explosives. Performance parameters such as all have adverse effects; Method (2) is starting raw material with phloroglucinol, compares method (1) and cost declines to some extent, has avoided the residue of chlorinated by-product simultaneously, but these two kinds of methods The amination steps are all carried out under high temperature and pressure, and there are safety problems such as harsh reaction conditions and difficult operation; method (3) uses 4-nitroaniline as a raw material, and its amination steps are different from the previous two methods, but utilize 4 -Amino-1,2-triazole attacks 2,4,6-trinitroaniline, and removes neutral molecules by introducing nucleophilic species to carry out heavy aromatization process to obtain the target product TATB, so method (3) is more advanced than the first two The method is milder and safer, but this method mostly uses dimethyl sulfoxide as a solvent, which increases the cost of wastewater post-treatment

[0004] In summary, for the synthetic method of TATB, there are still the following problems: (1) higher raw material cost, especially the synthetic method with 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene as the starting material; (2) harsh reaction Conditions often require high temperature and high pressure for amination reaction; (3) the impact of chlorine-containing by-products and environmental pollution problems

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