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Toner processes

a technology of toner and process, applied in the field of toner processes, can solve the problem that the aggregate formed from such particles will have a greater tendency to break apar

Inactive Publication Date: 2003-01-23
XEROX CORP
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

[0017] In another feature of the present invention there are provided simple and economical processes for the preparation of black and colored toner compositions with excellent colorant, especially pigment dispersion, thus enabling the achievement of excellent color print quality.
[0019] In a further feature of the present invention there is provided a process for the preparation of toner by aggregation and coalescence, or fusion (aggregation / coalescence) of latex, colorant, such as pigment, and additive particles in the presence of water miscible chain transfer agents, or components, or wherein there is selected a nonionic surfactant with chain transfer characteristics, and which chain transfer agents can facilitate chain termination in the aqueous phase thereby, for example, regulating the functional group, such as carboxylic acid amount or distribution in the resin latex, reduce the amount of grafted acrylic acid, and thus provide stable aggregates.
[0022] In still a further feature of the present invention there are provided toner compositions which provide high image projection efficiency, such as for example over 75 percent as measured by the Match Scan II spectrophotometer available from Million-Roy.
[0023] In a further feature of the present invention there are provided toner compositions which when fixed on paper do not give rise to objectionable image feel or paper curl.

Problems solved by technology

When the attraction is not sufficiently strong, the aggregates formed from such particles will have a greater tendency to break apart.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example ii

[0058] A latex emulsion comprised of polymer particles derived from emulsion polymerization of styrene, butyl acrylate and acrylic acid was prepared as follows. 221.4 Grams of styrene, 48.6 grams of butyl acrylate, 5.4 grams of acrylic acid, 5.4 grams of 1-dodecanethiol and 5.4 grams of n-butanol as the water miscible chain termination agent were mixed with 391 grams of deionized water in which 19.2 grams of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate anionic surfactant NEOGEN R.TM. (20 percent active), 5.8 grams of polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether--nonionic surfactant, ANTAROX CA 897.TM. (70 percent active), and 2.7 grams of ammonium persulfate initiator were dissolved. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature of about 25.degree. C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 30 minutes. Subsequently, the mixture was stirred and heated to 70.degree. C. (Centigrade throughout) at a rate of 1.degree. C. per minute, and retained at this temperature for 6 hours. The resulting latex polymer pos...

example iii

[0061] A latex emulsion comprised of polymer particles derived from emulsion polymerization of styrene, butyl acrylate and acrylic acid was prepared as follows. 221.2 Grams of styrene, 48.6 grams of butyl acrylate, 5.4 grams of acrylic acid, 6.8 grams of 1-dodecanethiol and 4.1 grams of tetrahydrofuran as the water miscible chain termination agent were- mixed with 391 grams of deionized water in which 19.2 grams of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate anionic surfactant NEOGEN R.TM. (20 percent active), 5.8 grams of polyoxyethylene nonyl phenyl ether--nonionic surfactant, ANTAROX CA 897.TM. (70 percent active), and 2.7 grams of ammonium persulfate initiator were dissolved. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature of about 25.degree. C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 30 minutes. Subsequently, the mixture was stirred and heated to 80.degree. C. (Centigrade throughout) at a rate of 1.degree. C. per minute, and retained at this temperature for 6 hours. The resulting latex poly...

example iv

[0064] A latex emulsion comprised of polymer particles derived from emulsion polymerization of styrene, butyl acrylate and acrylic acid was prepared as follows. 432 Grams of styrene, 108 grams of butyl acrylate, 16.2 grams of acrylic acid, and 16.2 grams of 1-dodecanethiol were mixed with 810 grams of deionized water in which 16.5 grams of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate anionic surfactant, BIOSOFT D-40.TM. (38 percent active), 8.1 grams of ammonium persulfate initiator and 6.3 grams of polyethylene tertiary thioether, ALCODET SK.TM. (99 percent active), as the nonionic surfactant with water phase chain termination characteristics (transurf) were dissolved. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature of about 25.degree. C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 30 minutes. Subsequently, the mixture was stirred and heated to 70.degree. C. (Centigrade throughout) at a rate of 1.degree. C. per minute, and retained at this temperature for 6 hours. The resulting latex polymer possess...

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Abstract

A process for the preparation of toner involving (i) aggregating a colorant dispersion containing a suitable surfactant with a latex emulsion containing an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, and a water miscible chain transfer agent, or a nonionic surfactant with chain transfer characteristics to form toner sized aggregates; (ii) coalescing or fusing said aggregates; and optionally (iii) isolating, washing, and drying the resulting toner.

Description

[0001] This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 08 / 959,798; filed on Oct. 29, 1997.PENDING APPLICATIONS[0002] Illustrated in U.S. Ser. No. (not yet assigned--D / 97249) entitled "Toner Miniemulsion Processes", filed concurrently herewith, the disclosure of which is totally incorporated herein by reference, is a process for the preparation of toner by, for example,[0003] (i) aggregating a colorant dispersion with a latex miniemulsion containing polymer, an ionic surfactant, a cosurfactant, and a nonionic surfactant;[0004] (ii) coalescing or fusing the aggregates generated; and optionally[0005] (iii) cooling, isolating, washing, and drying the toner, and wherein the polymer in said miniemulsion is of a diameter of from about 50 to about 500 nanometers.[0006] Illustrated in copending application U.S. Ser. No. (not yet assigned--D / 97371) entitled "Surfactants", and U.S. Ser. No. (not yet assigned--D / 97381) entitled "Toner Processes", the disclosures of each application being totally i...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): C08J3/215C09D11/00G03G9/08G03G9/087G03G9/09
CPCC08J3/215G03G9/081
Inventor CHENG, CHIEH-MINKMIECIK-LAWRYNOWICZ, GRAZYNA E.
Owner XEROX CORP
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