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Macroscopic fiber comprising single-wall carbon nanotubes and acrylonitrile-based polymer and process for making the same

a technology of acrylonitrile-based polymers and macroscopically oriented fibers, which is applied in the direction of textiles and paper, transportation and packaging, and layered products, can solve the problems of lack of significant enhancement of mechanical properties of nanotube-polymer composites, single-wall carbon nanotubes dispersed, and insufficient realization of single-wall carbon nanotubes. full potential of single-wall carbon nanotube properties, etc., to achieve the effect of increasing the orientation and modul

Inactive Publication Date: 2005-05-12
GEORGIA TECH RES CORP
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Benefits of technology

The present invention relates to a new type of fiber made from single-wall carbon nanotubes and polymer. The fiber has a cross-sectional dimension of at least about 1 micron and can be used in a variety of applications such as carbon fiber production, body armor, and material reinforcement. The fiber has a significantly increased tensile modulus and reduced thermal shrinkage compared to a control fiber without carbon nanotubes. The invention provides a means for increasing the orientation and modulus of an acrylonitrile-containing polymer fiber.

Problems solved by technology

However, the full potential of the properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes have not been fully realized when incorporated in other materials due to the difficulty of dispersing the nanotubes.
The problems associated with dispersing single-wall carbon nanotubes are due largely to their insolubility in most common solvents and their propensity to rope together in SWNT bundles and be held tightly together by van der Waals forces.
The lack of significant enhancement in mechanical properties in nanotube-polymer composites has been attributed to the weak interface between the nanotubes and the composite matrix.
Fabrication of high modulus fibers containing single-wall nanotubes remains a major challenge.

Method used

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  • Macroscopic fiber comprising single-wall carbon nanotubes and acrylonitrile-based polymer and process for making the same
  • Macroscopic fiber comprising single-wall carbon nanotubes and acrylonitrile-based polymer and process for making the same
  • Macroscopic fiber comprising single-wall carbon nanotubes and acrylonitrile-based polymer and process for making the same

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

example 1

[0060] This method demonstrates the preparation of a spinning dope of pure polyacrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate (P(AN / MA) in dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) solvent. Total solids were 15 g in 100 g DMAc.

[0061] 100 g DMAc was added to a 250-ml sample bottle and cooled to 0 to 5° C. using an ice jacket. About 30 mg oxalic acid, which is about 0.2% of the polymer weight, was added as an anti-gelling agent. 15 g finely powdered P(AN / MA) polymer from Sigma Aldrich, having a 90:10 acrylonitrile:methyl acrylate comonomer ratio and a Mn molecular weight of about 100,000 g / mole, was added step-wise to the DMAc in small quantities under constant stirring. The stirring was continued until the all of the polymer was dissolved and the solution was clear and optically transparent. This solution was used to make the polyacrylonitrile (P(AN / MA) control fiber.

example 2

Preparation of PAN-SWNT Solutions in DMAc

[0062] This example demonstrates the preparation of spinning dopes containing poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) (P(AN / MA)) and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) at different P(AN / MA):SWNT weight ratios in DMAc. For each P(AN / MA):SWNT ratio prepared in this example, the acrylonitrile copolymer, obtained from Sigma Aldrich, contained a 90:10 AN:MA comonomer ratio and a Mn molecular weight of about 100,000 g / mole. For each preparation in this example, single-wall carbon nanotubes (Lot No. HPR87), were obtained from Rice University, where they were made in a high temperature, high pressure, all-gas phase process through the disproportionation of carbon monoxide (CO) to SWNT and CO2 using iron as the transition metal catalyst. Furthermore, for each preparation in this example, sonication was done with a bath sonicator (Cole-Parmer Model 8891R-DTH), and homogenation was done with a bio-homogenizer (Biospec Products Inc., Bartlesville, Okla...

example 3

[0067] This example demonstrates the preparation of polyacrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate, P(AN / MA), in dimethyl formamide (DMF) without nanotubes. The total solids are 15 g in 100 g DMF.

[0068] 100 g DMF was added to a 250-ml bottle and cooled to 0 to 5° C. using an ice jacket. About 30 mg oxalic acid, about 0.2% of the polymer weight, was added as an anti-gelling agent. 15 g finely powdered P(AN / MA) copolymer (90:10 AN:MA comonomer ratio and Mn˜100,000 g / mole obtained from Sigma Aldrich) was added stepwise in small quantities under constant stirring. The stirring was continued until the entire polymer was dissolved and formed a clear, transparent solution. This solution was used make a control polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a high modulus macroscopic fiber comprising single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and an acrylonitrile-containing polymer. In one embodiment, the macroscopic fiber is a drawn fiber having a cross-sectional dimension of at least 1 micron. In another embodiment, the acrylonitrile polymer-SWNT composite fiber is made by dispersing SWNT in a solvent, such as dimethyl formamide or dimethyl acetamide, admixing an acrylonitrile-based polymer to form a generally optically homogeneous polyacrylonitrile polymer-SWNT dope, spinning the dope into a fiber, drawing and drying the fiber. Polyacrylonitrile / SWNT composite macroscopic fibers have substantially higher modulus and reduced shrinkage versus a polymer fiber without SWNT. A polyacrylonitrile / SWNT fiber containing 10 wt % SWNT showed over 100% increase in tensile modulus and significantly reduced thermal shrinkage compared to a control fiber without SWNT. With 10 wt % SWNT, the glass transition temperature of the polymer increased by more than 40° C.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION [0001] This application claims priority from U.S. provisional application, Ser. No. 60 / 392,955, filed Jul. 1, 2002, which application is incorporated herein by reference.[0002] This invention was made with. United States Government support under Grant No. N00014-01-1-0657 awarded by the Office of Naval Research and partial support from Grant No. F49620-00-1-0147 awarded by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. Government may have certain rights in the invention.FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0003] This invention relates generally to single-wall carbon nanotubes, more particularly to macroscopic fibers comprising single-wall carbon nanotubes and acrylonitrile-containing polymers. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0004] Polymers containing acrylonitrile are important commercial polymers for use in fibers for such applications as fabrics, carpets and carbon fibers. High performance acrylic fibers produced from polyacrylonitrile copolymers are used as p...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): B32B3/00D01F1/09D01F1/10D01F6/00D01F6/18D01F6/38D01F9/12D01F9/127
CPCB82Y30/00D01F1/09D01F1/10D01F6/18D01F6/38Y10T428/2918Y10S977/788Y10S977/75Y10T428/2967Y10T428/2927D01F9/225
Inventor VEEDU, SREEKUMAR T.KUMAR, SATISH
Owner GEORGIA TECH RES CORP
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