Lead-free mixture as a radiation protection additive

a technology of radiation protection additive and lead-free mixture, which is applied in the direction of other chemical processes, nuclear elements, conductors, etc., can solve the problems of unfavorable device operation, unintended radiation effects on the operator or third party, and damage to the health of one's health,

Inactive Publication Date: 2008-06-05
LANXESS DEUTDCHLAND GMBH
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Depending on the type and duration of exposure to radiation, however, one's health can be damaged.
When operating X-ray devices or other radiation emitting instruments, the unintended effects of radiation on the operator or third parties may occur.
In many cases it is then not possible to operate the devices mentioned above, or only when third parties are not present.
In many cases also, complete separation of the operating staff from the source of radiation is not possible, and also not practicable, because the operator can only operate the equipment in the immediate vicinity of the equipment and the source of radiation.
The disadvantage of lead is that, due to the photoelectric effect, the degree of attenuation of lead is relatively small at low energies of the ionizing radiation.
Also, lead has questionable toxicological properties.
On top of that, there is the great weight of lead-containing protective equipment.
The disadvantage of this composition is the high proportion of antimony oxide which is classified as a carcinogenic compound.
Thus, in all the known processes, either lead or antimony or their compounds in high concentration, or ecologically unacceptable substances such as mercury, polonium or uranium and / or substance mixtures with high basic proportions of metal such as e.g. antimony, are used.
Often, the radiation protection substances used in the known processes do not adequately screen against high-energy X-radiation in the region of 90 to 150 kV accelerating potential.

Method used

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Examples

Experimental program
Comparison scheme
Effect test

example 1

a) Raw Materials Used and their Composition

[0182]A mixture according to the invention was prepared from the following components:

Proportion in themixture accordingto the presentNameManufacturerinventionOptipol polishing powderTschepetsk Mechanisches29.5 wt. %Werk AG, GlasowGadolinium concentrate“Moscow Polymetal39.0%Works”, governmentbusiness enterprise,MoscowTungsten powder 6.1“Kirov Works for Hard31.5%Alloys”,Swerdlower District

b) Composition According to Manufacturer's Data

[0183]

Conc.ofrareNameearthsLa2O3CeO2Pr6O11Nd2O3Sm2O3Eu2O3Gd2O3Tb2O3Dy2O3Gadolinium97.1————0.90.893.80.5conc.Optipol96.024.154.54.014.50.80.2—

c) Preparation of the Mixture According to the Present Invention

[0184]Before use, the Optipol polishing powder, gadolinium concentrate and tungsten powder were dried at a temperature of 120° C. for two hours and classified through sieve 063 (tungsten through sieve 016). Then the three components were mixed in a tumble mixer for 24 hours.

[0185]An orange-brown, free flowing,...

example 2

[0186]Commercially available aromatic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), softening point about 160° C., processing temperature about 200° C., density 1.2 g / cm3.

[0187]Samples 1 to 5 were prepared from the polyurethane and the mixture according to the present invention from example 1 by calandering: the rollers on a calander were preheated to slightly above the melting point, i.e. to about 170° C. The TPU was applied to the preheated rollers and homogenized on the revolving rollers after melting. Then the mixture according to the invention from example 1 was added in portions. The material was compounded until it was externally homogeneous. It was established, from X-ray tests on the homogeneity of the TPU / additive mixtures, that about 1 hour compounding time on the rollers was required.

[0188]Then the compounds were introduced into a mould coated with silicone spray as a separating agent. The filled mould was heated to 170° C. to 180° C. processing temperature in a hydraulic press with...

example 3

Testing the X-Ray Protection Characteristics

[0190]The screening characteristics of sample 1 to sample 5 were measured in the geometry of the narrow beam cluster in accordance with DIN 6845 using tungsten X-ray tubes with defined beam quality. The beam quality of the ISO spectrum H-100 was achieved by total flittering with Al and Cu filters. The degree of attenuation and the lead equivalents of the samples were determined.

[0191]Beam quality ISO-H-100 was achieved by: accelerating voltage U=100 kV and filter: 4 mm Al+0.11 mm Cu.

U = 100 kV, 4 mm Al + 0.11 mm CuBulk coveringLead equivalentName[mA]Degree of attenuationmm PbSample 10.067 g / cm21.940.06 mmSample 20.157 g / cm23.920.17 mmSample 30.240 g / cm26.970.28 mmSample 40.255 g / cm27.050.28 mmSample 50.401 g / cm217.8 0.5 mm

[0192]The lead samples used for calibration and comparison measurements had a diameter of 50 mm. They were cut from lead foils of grade S1 with a thickness of 0.065 mm and 0.085 mm. The test region covered lead equivalent...

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PUM

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Abstract

The present invention provides a mixture containing a) at least 26 wt. % of gadolinium and b) one or more elements, alloys and / or compounds from the group consisting of barium, indium, tin, lanthanum, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, zirconium and tungsten, a process for the preparation of this mixture, use of the mixture as radiation protection, use of the mixture to prepare polymeric radiation protection substances, a process for preparing radiation screening rubbers, thermoplastic materials and polyurethanes, a process for preparing products from the polymeric radiation protection substances and products made from these polymeric radiation protection substances.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION[0001]The present invention provides a mixture containing a) at least 26 wt. % of gadolinium and b) one or more elements, alloys and / or compounds of the group consisting of barium, indium, tin, lanthanum, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, zirconium, tungsten or mixture thereof, a process for the preparation of this mixture, use of the mixture as radiation protection, use of the mixture to prepare polymeric radiation protection substances, a process for preparing radiation-shielding rubbers, thermoplastic materials and polyurethanes, a process for preparing products from the polymeric radiation protection substances and products made from these polymeric radiation protection substances.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION[0002]Humans are increasingly subjected to ionizing radiation from a number of sources. The radiation occurs in the form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, such as X-ray or gamma-radiation. It cannot be detected directly by humans. Depending on the t...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(United States)
IPC IPC(8): G21C7/24C08K3/08G21F1/10
CPCC08K3/08C08K2201/014G21Y2004/10G21Y2002/201G21F1/10
Inventor JUNGERMANN, HARDYKIRSCH, JURGENPUDLEINER, HEINZWERDEN, BURKHARDLEITZ, EDGARJOACHIMI, DETLEVGOTTSCHALK, PETER-ALEXANDERZANDER, KLAUSMADER, KLAUSKOPP, RICHARDKORSCHUNOW, ALEXANDER IWANOVITSCHKAPITANOW, KONSTANTIN AWTONOMOWITSCHSAWKIN, GENNADIJ GRIGORJEWITSCHNIKITIN, WLADIMIR MICHAJLOWITSCHNASAROWA, JELENA SAWELJEWNARYSHAKOW, IGOR LEONIDOWITSCH
Owner LANXESS DEUTDCHLAND GMBH
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