The invention relates to a hybrid mechanism media access control (MAC) protocol communication method based on a wireless sensor network. A period appointment time interval is set, and an owned time slot of a node is utilized, so that the node participates in appointment of a competition channel when the owned time slot comes, each appointed time slot is provided with a maximum window time for carrier sense, the awakened random sense is activated by utilizing the node, the appointment message transmission and collision probability of the node and the idle sense time are reduced, single-hop or multi-hop data time slot appointment in a single period is realized, the control overhead and the data transmission delay are reduced, the node is activated and awakened at a period data time interval according to the appointment conditions of various data time slots in the appointment time interval, the node is awakened and sensed at an appointed data time slot, the single-hop or multi-hop transmission of single period data is realized, a node at a data time slot which is not appointed is positioned in a sleep state, the energy efficiency utilization rate of the node is improved, and the timeliness requirement of the data transmission can be well met.