The present invention provides chimeric cytokine receptors, particularly chimeric cytokine receptors that can be activated in tumor microenvironment, and their uses in tumor immunotherapy (e.g., adoptive cell therapy). The present invention further provides methods of genetically modifying therapeutic cells resulting in an enhanced immune response against a target antigen. The application further provides therapeutic cells that express said chimeric cytokine receptors and methods for treating patients using the modified therapeutic cells.