Method for three-phase extraction one-step separation of platinum, palladium and rhodium from leaching solution of precious metal catalyst

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for three-phase extraction one-step separation of platinum, palladium and rhodium from leaching solution of a precious metal catalyst, which belongs to the technical field of solvent extraction and separation of the platinum, the palladium and the rhodium. The separation of the platinum, the palladium and the rhodium can be completed by adding hydrochloride, sulfate, nitrate or phosphate of sodium, potassium, lithium or ammonium into two non-polar and polar organic phases which can not be mixed and water solution containing the platinum, the palladium and the rhodium, and carrying out phase mixing under room temperature for obtaining a three-phase system. The separation of the platinum, the palladium and the rhodium can also be completed by adding a macromoleclar polymer and the hydrochloride, the sulfate, the nitrate or the phosphate containing the sodium, the potassium, the lithium or the ammonium into the water solution containing the platinum, the palladium and the rhodium according to proportion, further adding a non-polar organic solvent and carrying out the phase mixing under the room temperature for obtaining three phases. The method can simultaneously separate three phases of the platinum, the palladium and the rhodium with high separation selectivity from the failure extraction solution of a vehicle catalyst during the extraction process, and effectively simplify the existing lengthy and tedious two-phase extraction and separation process.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of solvent extraction and separation of platinum, palladium and rhodium, in particular to a method for one-step separation of platinum, palladium and rhodium from a precious metal catalyst leaching solution by three-phase extraction. Background technique [0002] Platinum, palladium, rhodium and other precious metals are widely used in modern high-tech, national defense, aerospace and navigation, new energy development, chemical industry, petrochemical, glass fiber, electronic and electrical instruments, ecological and environmental pollution due to their unique and excellent various physical and chemical properties. Governance and national economic construction are widely used in major industrial fields, known as "the vitamin of modern industry" and "the first high-tech metal", and are indispensable and irreplaceable "key strategic resources" for the development of the pillar industries of the national econo...

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

However, the published literatures are all aimed at three-phase extraction and separation systems containing base metal cations such as copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, zinc, etc., and the acidity of the applicable medium solution should not be too high, generally only applicable within the pH range

Because platinum, palladium and rhodium ions generally exist stably in the form of chloride anions in the medium environment of high acidity (such as, the concentration of hydrochloric acid is higher than 1mol / L) in the leaching solution of the exhausted automobile catalyst containing platinum, palladium and rhodium, the currently disclosed three-phase extraction systems are all Not applicable