In-situ composting method and device of crop straws

A crop straw and composting technology, applied in the field of agricultural environmental protection research, can solve the difficult problems of vegetable straw, pathogenic bacteria killing and ammonia nitrogen volatilization loss, and achieve the effect of shortening the decomposing time, reducing nitrogen loss and improving quality

Inactive Publication Date: 2011-05-11
JIANGSU ACAD OF AGRI SCI
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  • Claims
  • Application Information

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Problems solved by technology

[0020] Technical problems The existing straw grinder is difficult to meet the requirements of vine and thick-stem vegetable straw feeding, crushing and crushing, and rapid softening and decomposing, and the existing straw composting process is difficult to meet the requirements of on-site composting of vegetable straw. According to the requirements of killing pathogenic bacteria and loss of ammonia nitrogen volatilization, a method and equipment suitable for in-situ high-temperature composting of straw are proposed

Method used

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  • In-situ composting method and device of crop straws
  • In-situ composting method and device of crop straws
  • In-situ composting method and device of crop straws

Examples

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Embodiment 1

[0036] A solar greenhouse with an area of ​​about 600m 2 After the eggplants are harvested, collect the eggplant stalks and some non-commercial eggplants to one side of the solar greenhouse, let them cool for a day, so that the leaves of the plants are wilted, and grind them with the above-mentioned improved grinder. After grinding, the length of the straws is about 2- 10 cm, at this time, the water content is about 65%, and the fresh weight is about 3 tons. Add superphosphate, 5% magnesium sulfate and 0.1% straw decomposing bacteria agent (Nanjing Ningliang Bio Produced by Engineering Co., Ltd., Ningliang brand TPM decay accelerator), weighing 52.5, 52.5, and 1.0 kg respectively, mixed with straw, stacked into strips with a width of about 1.5 meters, a height of about 1.5 meters, and a length of about 4 meters. Cover the composted straw with grass covering the greenhouse to prevent the moisture from dispersing too quickly. On the second day of composting, the temperature rose...

Embodiment 2

[0038] A paddy field with an area of ​​about 1200m 2 After the rice machine is harvested, the rice stalks are collected at one end of the paddy field, pulverized by the above-mentioned improved pulverizer, and rubbed with a straw kneading machine (the straw kneading machine SFSC720 produced by Jiangsu Zhengchang Group Co., Ltd.), The water content of the kneaded straw is about 55%, and the fresh weight is about 800 kg. Add urea according to 4% of the weight of the straw, and it is about 14.4 kg. The stacks with a length of about 2 meters are covered with plastic film. The temperature rises to 50°C on the second day after stacking. After that, the temperature has been maintained at about 65°C. After 10 days of stacking, the straw has basically softened and turned black. At the same time, scatter the composted rot evenly in the field, and basically turn the straw into the soil after rotary tillage with a rotary tiller, and sow wheat after the land preparation.

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Abstract

The invention relates to an in-situ composting method and device of crop straws, belonging to the research field of agricultural environment protection. The method comprises the following steps: grinding harvested straws in an improved straw grinder or kneading in a straw kneader; adding calcium superphosphate, magnesium sulfate or urea based on the weight percent of the straws; composting and fermenting at high temperature; and turning until the temperature rises to above 65 DEG C. Feeding equipment is added at the front end of the grinding device of the grinder, so that the grinder can adapt to feed, crush and grind creeper or thick-stem vegetable residuals, thus reducing nitrogen losses, thoroughly eliminating pathogenic organisms carried by the straws in the process of composting the vegetable straws, and greatly quickening warming, softening and decomposing processes of the straws. The key technology and the device are provided for effectively treating and utilizing the straws in time, thus providing technological support for forbidding firing and discarding the straws and recycling the straws.

Description

Technical field: [0001] The invention relates to a method and equipment for in-situ composting of crop straws, which is a key technology to solve the problem of banning or discarding straws to reduce environmental pollution and resource utilization of waste, and belongs to the field of agricultural environmental protection research. Background technique: [0002] The total amount of crop straw resources in my country is about 640 million tons, including 190 million tons of rice straw, 170 million tons of corn straw, and 120 million tons of wheat straw. [0003] In recent years, due to the improvement of agricultural mechanization, agricultural machinery has replaced livestock, which has greatly reduced the amount of straw used as feed. Coupled with the improvement of farmers' living standards, coal and liquefied gas have replaced straw for heating and cooking. With the strengthening of environmental protection awareness, a number of processing plants that use straw as raw ma...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): C05F17/00C05F17/02
CPCY02W30/40
Inventor 常志州汤秋华于建光杜静徐跃定张建英
Owner JIANGSU ACAD OF AGRI SCI
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