123results about How to "Shorten the maturity time" patented technology

The invention discloses a rapid decomposition method for returning summer maize straws, which is used for solving the problem of decomposition of the maize straws. The method comprises the following steps of: crushing the maize straws in the fields, and totally and directly returning the crushed maize straws; after the crushed maize straws are returned, broadcasting materials, such as a decomposition agent, accessory ingredients and the like, in a way that 2 to 2.5 kilograms of decomposition agent, 3 to 5 kilograms of accessory ingredients, 0.5 to 1 kilogram of water-retaining agent and 6 to 8 kilograms of urea are broadcast into each acre of land; and timely performing ploughing or rotary tillage and sowing winter wheat after a week. The method has the main advantages that: 1, the summermaize straws are mechanically crushed in situ and then totally and directly returned and utilized, so the problems of difficulties in the collection, transportation and storage of the maize straws are solved; 2, the maize straws are rapidly decomposed, so the straw decomposition rate is increased, soil nutrients are returned, soil conditions are improved, simultaneously seedlings of the followingwinter wheat come out uniformly and the rate of emergence is greatly increased; and 3, farming in the fields is easy to operate and execute, and the method is delightedly accepted by farmers and is convenient to execute.

The invention relates to a compound microbial bacterial preparation for degrading crop straw and a preparation method and application of the compound microbial bacterial preparation. The compound microbial bacterial preparation is prepared from bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, aspergillus niger, aspergillus flavus, trichoderma reesei, trichoderma longibrachiatum, sporotrichum thermophile and phanerochaete chrysosporium through solid fermentation. The compound microbial bacterial preparation can shorten the decomposition time and improve the decomposition efficiency of the crop straw. Microorganisms generate various effective metabolic products with nitrogen fixation and phosphate solubilizing functions and a high disease and pest resistance effect in the fermentation process, so that the compound microbial bacterial preparation is favorable for improving the soil structure and the yield and the quality of crops.

The invention provides a microbial straw rotting agent, which adopts the strains having mutual synergistic action without generating antagonistic action as production strains: cellulase preparation, Fomes annosus, Bacillus subtilis, Thermobifida fusca, Bacillus pumilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The microbial straw rotting agent has high decomposition effect on the main components of the straws, has biological control function, and can inhibit growth of crop sheath blight, rice blast, wheat root rot, strawberry gray mold and other pathogens. The product has the advantages of short manufacturing period, high production efficiency and low cost, and is safe and convenient to use.

The invention discloses a method for producing a fertilizer by stewing a mixture of stalks and sludge by alkali substances, which mainly takes the mixture of concentrated sludge and vegetal stalk powder as raw materials and comprises the following technology steps: adding a medicament formed by a right quantity of alkali substances and sodium pyrophosphate into the mixture of the concentrated sludge and the vegetal stalk powder to be stewed for 0.5-6 hours under the temperature between 110 DEG C and 170 DEG C; neutralizing the mixture to pH=4-9 by an inorganic acid or an organic acid; and directly preparing a commodity organic fertilizer, or adding a right quantity of chemical fertilizers, i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, kalium, trace elements, and the like to the mixture to prepare an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, or separating the mixture to prepare a liquid organic fertilizer. The invention has simple technology and high rotten conversion speed of the raw materials, can achieve the purpose of the sterilization, the disinfection and the deodorization of the raw materials, has high organic matter and humic acid content of products and high fertilizer efficiency of the products and can realize the large-scale and low-cost fertilization utilization of the sludge and agricultural stalk wastes.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganism, in particular to a compound microbial preparation used for directly decomposing crop straws, namely an efficient straw-decomposing inoculant. The efficient straw-decomposing inoculant comprises the following raw materials by weight percentage: 20-30 percent of bacillus subtilis, 10-15 percent of white light gray streptomycete, 5-10 percent of endomycopsis fibuligera, 5-10 percent of candida utilis, 10-15 percent of aspergillus, 10-15 percent of paecilomyces lilacinus, 10-15 percent of trichoderma harzianum and 20-30 percent of thermophilus streptomycete. The efficient straw-decomposing inoculant is organically combined with soil no-tillage, shifting and fallow to achieve the comprehensive purposes of protecting the environment, improving soil, increasing the utilization rate of fertilizers, increasing the quantity and the quality of agricultural products and developing the ecological agriculture.

The invention relates to an environment-friendly straw fermenting agent. The environment-friendly straw fermenting agent is prepared from the following seven raw materials in percentage by weight: 25 percent of bacillus subtilis, 15 percent of trichoderma viride, 18 percent of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 12 percent of aspergillus niger, 10 percent of streptomyces hygroscopicus, 10 percent of trichoderma koningii and 10 percent of arthrobacter. The environment-friendly straw fermenting agent can accelerate the decomposition speed of cellulose and can completely decompose crop straws within aboutten days to return to the field, so that the straws are corroded, blackened and composted. The environment-friendly straw fermenting agent can accelerate release of nutrient elements in the straws, provides more nutrients for growth of the crops at the later stage, maintains and improves soil fertility, improves soil organic matter, improves physicochemical property of the soil, increases the yield of the crops by about 10 percent, and can be widely applied to returning straws of the crops such as rice, wheat, corn and the like to the field.

The invention discloses a crop straw decomposition agent. The crop straw decomposition agent is composed of the following components by mass percent: 20%-30% of bacillus subtilis, 20%-30% of aspergillus niger, 10%-15% of candida utilis, 15%-20% of trichoderma viride, 10%-15% of aspergillus oryzae and 1%-2% of cellulase. In order to solve the problems such that current straws are directly returned to fields, and the temperature rise is slow, the decomposition is slow and the decomposition effect is poor when the straws are used for composting an organic fertilizer, crop straw decomposition is tested for a plurality of years, microorganism strains and biological enzyme preparations are continuously screened, and finally, the bacillus subtilis, the aspergillus niger, the candida utilis, the trichoderma viride, the aspergillus oryzae and the cellulase are prepared into the crop straw decomposition agent according to the scheme. The four fungi are not antagonistic and combined with the cellulase to have a synergistic interaction effect and the straws can be rapidly decomposed.

The invention discloses a biological straw decomposition agent and a preparation method thereof and particularly relates to a biological straw decomposition agent taking funguses and bacteria as raw materials and a production method of the biological straw decomposition agent. According to the biological straw decomposition agent, trichoderma longibrachiatum, aspergillus terreus, phanerochaete chrysosporium, paenibacillus amylolyticus and torulopsis candida are taken as compound stains; a cellulolytic enzyme, a semi-cellulolytic enzyme and a ligninolytic enzyme are mainly produced; the strains have good mutualistic symbiosis and metabiosis effects and have no antagonisms. When the biological straw decomposition agent is used, the decomposition agent is uniformly scattered into fields after crop straws (wheat, corns and rice) are crushed and dispersed on the ground; the dosage of the biological straw decomposition agent is 30kg per 1hm<2> and then the straws and the decomposition agent are ploughed under the ground.

The invention discloses a method for producing a fertilizer by utilizing mud and plant straws, mainly comprising the following steps with the mixture of concentrated mud and plant straw powders as theraw material and one or a plurality of ammonium sulfite, sodium sulfite and potassium hydrogen sulfite as the stewing decay agent: the stewing decay agent accounting for 8-15 percent of the reduced dry weight of the raw material and the raw material are mixed uniformly, and are stewed at the temperature of 125-170 DEG C for 2-7 hours to obtain the semi-finished product of slurry organic fertilizer which can be directly prepared into commercial organic fertilizer; or appropriate amount of chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphor, kalium and trace elements are added into the semi-finished product to prepare organic-inorganic composite fertilizer; or the semi-finished product is separated to prepare an organic kalium liquid fertilizer and an organic ammonium liquid fertilizer. The method has simple technology, the decay conversion speed of raw materials is fast, and the purposes of sterilizing, decontaminating and deodorizing the raw material can be realized with the method; the product has high organic content and humic acid content, is sulfur-bearing, and has high fertilizer efficiency; and with the method, the large-scale and low-cost fertilizer utilization of the mud and plant straw waste is realized.

The invention discloses a production method using food residues to prepare functional microorganism organic fertilizer.The production method includes the steps of a, collecting fresh kitchen wastes, and performing solid-waste separation to obtain solid wastes and liquid wastes; b, preparing fermentation substrates; c, respectively inoculating candida mycoderma bacteria, bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus and aspergillus niger into the fermentation substrates to perform first fermentation compost; d, turning piles and inoculating bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas fluorescens and streptomyces, turning piles, fermenting, and drying with cold air to obtain the finished functional microorganism organic fertilizer, wherein pH is 6.5-7.5, and moisture content is 35-50%.The production method has the advantages that the food residues are processed reasonably, and the functional microorganism organic fertilizer is prepared at low cost; the food residues are processed reasonably and thoroughly, the functional microorganism organic fertilizer with high practicality and high value is produced by using the functional strains, the utilization value of the wastes is maximized, and the method is green and free of pollution.

The invention belongs to the field of organic matrixes and particularly relates to bacillus subtilis, compound microbial agent, organic matrix and preparation and application thereof. A preservation number of Bacillus subtilis BS-W1 is CCTCC M 2017589. The bacillus subtilis can be prepared into the compound microbial agent to further obtain the organic matrix by preparation through high-temperature composting. Since bacillus subtilis strains have high tolerance capacity under the fermentation condition of 70 DEG C and are capable of secreting various hydrolysis enzymes to efficiently degrade macromolecular organics such as proteins, starch and cellulose in raw materials, and the compost center temperature can be increased to 70 DEG C. The composting fermentation temperature is increased ascompared with that of a conventional composting technique, and accordingly contents of organics and total nutrients are increased remarkably, and pathogenic bacteria, parasite ova, weed seeds and thelike can be effectively killed.

The present invention relates to new technological process of aerobically composting sludge with suspended biological carrier normally used in sewage treatment as the amendment. The sludge material is added with wood dust in 5-15 wt% of sludge and suspending biological carrier stuffing in 5-10 wt% of sludge as the amendment to make the stirred material possess water content of 60-70 %. The aerobic fermentation apparatus is dynamically controlled I ventilation and stirring frequency for fast composing treatment. Finally, the suspending biological carrier stuffing is sieved out for reuse. The new amendment of the present invention has good attaching performance, no loss and reuse, and the present invention has high composing efficiency.

The invention provides a method for improving soil through rice straw returning. The method comprises the steps that firstly, rice straw is pretreated, the pretreated rice straw is stacked into a long trapezoid, and a biological agent is adopted for fermenting the rice straw to obtain straw a composted substance. The adopted biological preparation has the powerful composting effect on straw, in the fermentation process, a large number of functional bacteria are bred, and various special-effect metabolites are generated, and therefore growth and development of crops are stimulated; crop disease resistance, drought resistance and cold resistance are improved, after functional bacteria enter soil, nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolving, potassium dissolving can be achieved, the soil structure can be improved, and the chemical fertilizer utilization rate can be increased.

The invention discloses a method using Hermetia illucens and microorganisms to jointly convert chicken manure. The method includes: using the Hermetia illucens and the microorganisms to jointly convert chicken manure, and subjecting chicken manure residues to aerobic fermentation by decomposing microbial inoculums and secondary fermentation by functional microorganisms. By the method, chicken manure accumulation can be reduced greatly, and the decomposing cycle is shortened; produced Hermetia illucens mature larvae can be used for producing protein feed, and microbial organic fertilizer produced by larva manure after joint conversion is high in fertilizer efficiency and can resist common soil-borne plant diseases.

The invention belongs to the field of biological fermentation and particularly provides a biological preparation capable of promoting rapid degradation of straw and a production technology of the biological preparation. According to the biological preparation for straw degradation, fine organic matter is taken as a medium and carrier for anaerobic fermentation, crop straw is subjected to aerobic fermentation, an anaerobic fermentation product and an aerobic fermentation product are subjected to after-treatment, weak strains not adaptable to the environment are eliminated, dominant microflora capable of rapidly degrading the straw and adapting to the environment is obtained, and finally, the high-efficiency biological preparation adapting to the local environment and used for the straw degradation is obtained. The biological preparation has the characteristic as follows: the related problems that the comprehensive utilization rate of the straw is low, stacking composting speed is low, the number of effective viable bacteria adaptable to the local environment is small and the like can be solved.

The invention provides a method for promoting high efficiency decomposition of enteromorpha powder by using enzymatically hydrolyzed sea-tangle residues and application of a product. According to the invention, dried enteromorpha powder is used as a raw material; a solid microbial inoculum is selected; enzymatically hydrolyzed sea-tangle residues of different levels are added; promotion effects of different addition amounts of the enzymatically hydrolyzed sea-tangle residues of different levels on high efficiency decomposition of enteromorpha powder are researched under same culture conditions; an appropriate additive for aerobic composting of enteromorpha powder is provided so as to improve the utilization rate of enteromorpha powder. The method provided by the invention enables decomposition time to be shortened by 1/3, allows the content of organic matters and the content of humic acid to be increased by 2 to 3 times, respectively, greatly improves a decomposition effect and decomposition efficiency and creates conditions for application of a decomposition product in a fertilizer.

The invention provides a method for manufacturing organic fertilizer with orange peels and municipal sludge as main raw materials and organic fertilizer aiming at the problems that at present, the orange peels and the municipal sludge cause secondary pollution easily and the reclamation utilization rate is low. The organic fertilizer comprises, by weight, 30-35% of the orange peels, 30-35% of the municipal sludge, 15-20% of livestock manure, 16-23% of straw and 1-2% of biological strains. The organic fertilizer is obtained after ingredient preparing, initial fermenting, compost maturity, airing and insect killing are carried out. The organic fertilizer meets the organic fertilizer standard in our country. According to the method, the technology is simple, cost is low, hazard-free treatment and reclamation are effectively carried out on the orange peels and the municipal sludge, and the method has good environmental benefits and economic benefits.

The invention discloses a laying hen excrement composting method capable of reducing compost raw material ammonia production amount. The method comprises the following steps of: taking straw; cutting the straw into sections of 2-3 meters; mixing the laying hen excrement with rice bran and the straw sections according to a mass ratio of 28: 9: 1 to ensure that the initial water content of the compost raw material is 55-65 percent; composting for 30 days to finish a composting process to obtain fertilizers; and turning over the compost on 3rd, 7th, 11th, 15th, 19th and 25th days from the beginning of compositing. By the laying hen excrement composting method, the straw is added into the laying hen excrement-rice bran compost, so that the ammonia volatilization peak value is lowered, the volatilization time of the ammonia is shortened, and the ammonia production amount is reduced; the straw is added to promote the decomposition and utilization of soluble carbon, boost the temperature rise of the compost, improve the temperature of the compost, and relatively shortens the ripening time of the compost. The method is easy to operate, wide in sources of the raw materials, low in cost and high in practical value; the nitrogen loss is 8 percent; and the nitrogen loss of the conventional laying hen composting method is up to 23-65 percent.

The invention provides a biological agent used for straw composting. The biological agent comprises a composting agent and a compost agent, wherein the composting agent is prepared from a composite bacteria liquid and carriers in a weight ratio of 2 to 3; the compost agent is prepared from a cake powder, lime and urea in a weight ratio of 7-8 to 4-5 to 3-4. According to the biological agent provided by the invention, the materials is thoroughly composted in the straw treatment process, and a large quantity of functional microorganisms and various metabolites such as plant hormones and antibiotics are generated, so that the growth and the development of crops are stimulated, the soil nutrient is improved, the soil structure is improved, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is improved, and the biological agent is simple and convenient in operation and beneficial for production.