Gasification method of organic wastes and special gasification furnace

Abstract

The invention relates to a gasification method of organic wastes and a special gasification furnace. in the prior art, the energy consumption is high, and the manufacture cost and the maintenance cost are high. The method comprises the following steps of: feeding gasification raw materials into the gasification furnace and then distributing the raw materials uniformly with a stirring device, utilizing heating devices to heat the gasification raw materials at the upper and middle parts of the gasification furnace for drying, partially carrying out destructive distillation and gasification on the gasification raw materials, continuously supplying oxidizing gas and reducing gas from the bottom of the gasification furnace so as to oxidize partial carbon in the gasification furnace to emit heat, carrying out complete destructive distillation and complete gasification on the gasification raw materials, discharging formed slag out of the furnace, cooling, and removing impurities from coarse gas, so as to obtain pure gas. The gasification furnace used in the method is characterized in that the heating devices are additionally arranged on the side walls of the furnace on the basis of the original gasification furnace; each heating device comprises a heating chamber and a gas radiation tube heater; and each gas radiation tube heater is used for heating the interior of the furnace. The gasification furnace has low manufacture cost and operation cost, has high-active gas ingredients and can improve the benefits of comprehensive treatment of the organic wastes.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of organic waste gasification treatment, and relates to a gasification method of organic waste and a special gasification furnace. Background technique [0002] The gasification process of solid fuel is a thermochemical process. It uses solid fuel (coal or coke, etc.) The process of converting solid fuels into gaseous fuels. The combustible gas obtained during gasification is called gasification gas, and its active components include carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane. Gasification gas can be used as city gas, industrial gas and chemical raw material gas. [0003] Coal gasification is the most typical gasification technology, and the coal gasification process is carried out in a coal gasifier (also known as a gasifier). The raw material layer in the gasifier can be roughly divided into slag layer, oxidation layer, reduction layer, dry distillation layer and drying layer. gasification. The gasificati...

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Problems solved by technology

Incineration of organic wastes with an incinerator (reasonably arranging heat exchange devices in the combustion chamber can obtain hot air, steam or hot water, etc.), although resource utilization and reduction can be achieved, a small amount of dioxin may be produced. Due to the existence of dioxins, it greatly hinders and limits the promotion and application of incinerators; gasification technology has the characteristics of significantly inhibiting dioxins due to its reducing atmosphere, and can produce high-grade gas products, especially suitable for The treatment of organic waste is currently being favored by the industry

[0005] The composition of organic waste such as municipal solid waste may be relatively complex, the moisture content may be high, and the calorific value may be low. Some experiments directly rely on the oxidation layer of the gasifier for heating, but the gasification is extremely unstable and the quality of the gas is extremely poor. , there is no successful operation report in the industry; there are experiments that first granulate and dry the gasification raw material to make a refuse-derived fuel, that is, a fuel rod (RDF for short, whose shape and calorific value are as close as possible to coal) and then apply it to the gasifier. The operation of the gasifier has been significantly improved, but the RDF process is extremely costly and difficult to operate stably, so that this technology has not been further popularized and applied; some experiments have mixed raw materials with coal or coke and sent them to the gasifier for gasification, although The gasifier can operate stably, but first of all, due to the need to add auxiliary fuel, it will cause high plant construction costs, high operating costs and high maintenance costs, and secondly, due to the large difference in raw materials, high carbon content in slag discharge and low thermal efficiency, the market recognizes Low degree, more difficult to promote the application

[0006] Some experiments have added an auxiliary gas or oil burner (a direct heating device) to the oxidation section of the gasifier. When the furnace temperature is low, the burner is automatically turned on to supplement the heat. The gasifier can run stably, but a large amount of flue gas is mixed into the gas In the process, the calorific value of the gas is low, and it cannot even be used, so only the secondary combustion chamber can be installed to burn it, and the secondary combustion chamber needs to consume additional high-grade energy such as fuel oil to maintain the furnace temperature, resulting in a complex and huge exhaust gas purification process, and the operating cost too high

In such a process, the product is steam or hot water obtained by heat exchange in the secondary combustion chamber, and qualified gas cannot be supplied, which greatly reduces the superiority of the system compared with incineration, and the control of dioxin is not ideal.

[0007] There is a test to add a plasma generator (a direct heating device) to the oxidation section of the gasifier, relying on plasma to heat the gasification raw material, the gasification intensity is high and stable, the gasifier can run stably, and the gas quality is good, but there is power consumption High cost, high cost of gasifier, high maintenance cost, etc. It is difficult to popularize and apply to the treatment of general raw materials, but can only be used as a disposal tool for special raw materials such as hazardous waste, with small scale and narrow adaptability

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