Nanoporous silicon and lithium ion battery anodes formed therefrom

A lithium-ion battery and electrode technology, applied in battery electrodes, non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrodes, electrode manufacturing, etc., can solve problems such as high cost and low yield

Inactive Publication Date: 2015-03-04
UNIV OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
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  • Summary
  • Abstract
  • Description
  • Claims
  • Application Information

AI Technical Summary

Problems solved by technology

Silicon nanostructures have been investigated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, however, starting materials (e.g., silane and monophenylsilane) are expensive, and synthetic methods (e.g., pulsed layer deposition, chemical vapor deposition) usually have a low yield

Method used

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  • Nanoporous silicon and lithium ion battery anodes formed therefrom
  • Nanoporous silicon and lithium ion battery anodes formed therefrom
  • Nanoporous silicon and lithium ion battery anodes formed therefrom

Examples

Experimental program
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Effect test

Embodiment 1

[0074] Example 1: Li-ion battery electrode with nanoporous silicon nanowires.

[0075] Nanoporous silicon nanowires were prepared by immersing a boron-doped silicon wafer (resistivity 3 ) in the etchant solution for 3 hours. The obtained nanoporous nanowires were sequentially passed through deionized water (DI-H 2 O), concentrated nitric acid (HNO 3 ), and again DI-H 2 O was washed and then collected by scraping off the wafer using a razor blade. Figure 5A showing a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of a nanoporous silicon nanowire 500, and Figures 5B-5D A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image of a nanoporous silicon nanowire 500 is shown. The nanoporous silicon nanowire 500 is highly porous at the surface, with the pores 510 having a diameter and wall thickness of about 8 nm. Figure 5D The high-resolution TEM image in shows crystalline nanowires with clear lattice fringes corresponding to Si(111). The crystal structure is also known as Figure 5E Thi...

Embodiment 2

[0087] Example 2: Nanoporous silicon from bulk silicon. Nanoporous silicon particles, including nanoporous silicon nanoparticles, are prepared from bulk-sized, boron-doped silicon with a suitable doping level (resistivity <20 mΩ·cm). In other examples, the dopant can be iron, chromium, phosphorus, arsenic, aluminum, or combinations thereof. The bulk sized silicon is crushed into small pieces having a size of about or less than 5 mm. This small size silicon is further processed by one of several methods.

[0088] In the first method, the small-sized silicon is ground into a fine powder using a ball mill until a size of about 1 micron is obtained. In a second method, the small-sized silicon is ground into a fine powder using a ball mill, down to a size of less than 1 micron (eg, about 200 nm or about 100 nm). In the third method, the small-sized silicon is further ground into a fine powder using a ball mill until the size is about 200 nm. Si:H 3 BO 3 =5: (0.5-10) mass rat...

Embodiment 3

[0090] Example 3: Li-ion battery electrodes with nanoporous silicon particles.

[0091] Metallurgical grade silicon (-99%) was used as received without further purification to remove common impurities (eg, Fe, Al). To produce nanoporous silicon structures, the silicon is ground into small particles (eg, a few micrometers - tens of micrometers) using wet ball milling techniques. In the ball milling process, ethanol or other non-oxidant solvents may be used as additives. The silicon:sphere:additive mass ratio is typically about 1:5:1, although other ratios may also be used. As obtained, micro-sized silicon was collected and washed with dilute hydrofluoric acid (HF, 1-5% by weight) to remove oxides on the surface of the particles. The silicon particles were impregnated with AgNO 3 and HF etchant solution, and kept still for about 2 hours to obtain nanoporous silicon particles. In one example, in the etchant solution, AgNO 3 and HF concentrations were 20mM and 5M, respectiv...

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Abstract

An electrode for a lithium ion battery, the electrode including nanoporous silicon structures, each nanoporous silicon structure defining a multiplicity of pores, a binder, and a conductive substrate. The nanoporous silicon structures are mixed with the binder to form a composition, and the composition is adhered to the conductive substrate to form the electrode. The nanoporous silicon may be, for example, nanoporous silicon nanowires or nanoporous silicon formed by etching a silicon wafer, metallurgical grade silicon, silicon nanoparticles, or silicon prepared from silicon precursors in a plasma or chemical vapor deposition process. The nanoporous silicon structures may be coated or combined with a carbon-containing compound, such as reduced graphene oxide. The electrode has a high specific capacity (e.g., above 1000 mAh/g at current rate of 0.4 A/g, above 1000 mAh/g at a current rate of 2.0 A/g, or above 1400 mAh/g at a current rate of 1.0 A/g).

Description

[0001] Cross References to Related Applications [0002] This application claims U.S. Application Serial No. 61 / 613,892, entitled "Porous Silicon Nonowires and Lithium Ion Batteries Formed Therefrom," and filed March 21, 2012, entitled "Porous Silicon Nanoparticles and Lithium Ion Batteries Formed Therefrom," and U.S. Application Serial No. 61 / 613,843, filed March 21, 2012, entitled "Porous Silicon Nanoparticles and Lithium Ion Batteries Formed Therefrom (Porous Silicon Nanoparticles and Lithium Ion Batteries Formed Therefrom)" and U.S. Application Serial No. 61 / 693,535 filed August 27, 2012, and entitled "Porous Silicon Nanoparticles and Lithium Ion Batteries Formed Therefrom" and Porous Silicon Nanoparticles and Lithium Ion Batteries Formed Therefrom" and priority to U.S. Application Serial No. 61 / 716,044, filed October 19, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. technical field [0003] The present disclosure relates to nanoporous (nanoporous) sili...

Claims

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Application Information

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Patent Type & Authority Applications(China)
IPC IPC(8): H01M4/38H01M4/583H01M10/0525B82B1/00
CPCH01M4/621Y02E60/122H01M4/625H01M4/049H01M4/1395H01M4/366H01M4/134H01M4/386B82Y40/00H01M4/13H01M4/139H01M4/362H01M4/583Y02E60/10H01M10/0525
Inventor C.周M.葛J.荣X.方
Owner UNIV OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
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