Rare-earth waste recovering and machining and treatment device system and rare-earth waste recovering and machining and treatment method

Abstract

The invention discloses a rare-earth waste recovering and machining and treatment device system and a rare-earth waste recovering and machining and treatment method. Rare-earth waste is placed in a roasting furnace, and is subjected to oxidizing roasting on the condition of heat preservation after being heated to 850-1000 DEG C; rare-earth substances in the rare-earth waste are all turned into rare-earth oxide materials; an appropriate amount of water is added to a reactor and is heated to 200-250 DEG C; the measured materials and hydrochloric acid with the concentration being 0.8-1 mol/L areproportionally added to the reactor by several times for acidification decomposition; a rare-earth solution subjected to the acidification decomposition is supplied into the reactor for extraction andiron contained impurities are removed; then the rare-earth solution after iron is removed is supplied to an extraction tank for extraction; a praseodymium neodymium oxide solution is subjected to extraction separation and sedimentation; and sediments are fired. According to the rare-earth waste recovering and machining and treatment device system, through practical application measurement, the comprehensive recovery rate is above 97%, the purity of obtained (Pr and Nd) 203 is greater than or equal to 98%, the purity of Dy 203 is greater than or equal to 99%, and the recovering and machining cost for per ton of rare earth oxides is lower than 15,000 yuan.

Description

technical field [0001] The invention relates to the technical field of waste recycling and processing, in particular to a device system and method for recycling and processing rare earth waste. Background technique [0002] my country is the world's largest rare earth country, with proven rare earth reserves of nearly 20 million tons, accounting for more than one-third of the world's reserves. According to the current annual output of 40,000 tons of rare earths in my country, 20-30% (about 8,000-10,000 tons) of NdFeB rare earth wastes will be produced in the process of using rare earth ore raw materials to produce NdFeB magnetic materials. These wastes include sludge , grinding mud, slag, scrap, etc. In addition to a large amount of iron and boron, these wastes also contain more rare earth elements neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr) and a small amount of dysprosium (Dy) and gadolinium (Gd) Wait. The rare earth elements in these wastes can be widely used in tempered materials,...

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Problems solved by technology

[0005] Although the recycling and processing of rare earth wastes using hydrochloric acid excellent solution has the advantages of short process, high recovery rate of rare earths, high purity of rare earth oxides, less impurity content, low production cost, good market competitiveness, and many applications, but the use of hydrochloric acid excellent solution The method also has the following problems: First, when the rare earth waste is oxidized and burned, if the rare earth cannot be completely converted into rare earth oxides, and iron cannot be converted into ferric oxide oxide, it will greatly increase the subsequent acid treatment consumption, and at the same time It will reduce the recovery rate of rare earth and increase the cost of recovery and processing; the second is that when dissolving with acid, the process conditions should be strictly controlled to ensure that the rare earth is preferentially dissolved into a rare earth solution, otherwise the recovery rate of rare earth will be lower than 92%. It may make the content of praseodymium neodymium oxide and dysprosium oxide lower than the national standard [(Pr, Nd) 2 0 3 ≥98%, Dy 2 0 3 ≥99%]

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