The invention relates to a selective separation recovery technology of heavy metal in electroplating sludge containing chromium. The selective separation recovery technology of the heavy metal in theelectroplating sludge containing the chromium specifically comprises the steps that (1) the sludge containing the chromium and carbonate are subjected to mix roasting under a certain temperature, andiron sources are supplemented appropriately; (2) hydrothermal reaction is carried out on a solid obtained in the step (1) and an alkaline mineralizing agent; (3) after solid-liquid separation is carried out on turbid liquid obtained in the step (2) by using magnetic force, a diluted acid solution (pH is 3.5-5.0) is added into the solid for calcium removal, and concentration and crystallization arecarried out for recovering the chromium after liquid dezincification; and (4) after the magnetic separation of the turbid liquid in the step (3) is carried out, mixed reaction is carried out on the solid and a concentrated acid solution (pH is 2-3.5); and after the magnetic separation of the obtained turbid liquid is carried out, the solid is a nickel ferrite product, and copper is recovered in aliquid mode. According to the selective separation recovery technology of the heavy metal in the electroplating sludge containing the chromium, doping regulation and control of metal elements in thesludge in spinel class materials (M (II) N (III) 2O4 (M=Ni, Cu, Zn, Ca; N=Cr, Fe, Al)) is realized through comprehensive regulation and control of the roasting temperature and a hydrothermal mineralizing agent, so that the selective separation recovery technology of the heavy metal is realized. Meanwhile, after the sludge is subjected to a roasting/hydrothermal combined technology, the solid has higher magnetic force, and the difficulty of solid-liquid separation in the technology is reduced.