The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil biological improved fertilizer based on high-sulfur gangue. The saline-alkali soil biological improved fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of high-sulfur gangue microbial fermentation product, 20-30 parts of compost cow manure or chicken manure, 1-2 parts of citric acid, 1-2 parts of oxalic acid, 2-4 parts of urea, 2-4 parts of ammonium sulfate, 2-4 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 1-3 parts of potassium sulphate, 2-5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1-2 parts of manganese sulfate and 1-10 parts of bentonite, wherein the high-sulfur gangue microbial fermentation product is a product obtained by performing activating treatment on the high-sulfur gangue by a compound microorganism bacterium solution composed of thiobacillus thiooxidans, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megatherium, bacillus mucilaginosus and enterococcus faecalis. The resource utilization of the high-sulfur gangue is realized, the improvement of the inland saline land can be promoted, the crop yield can be increased and the entironment can be improved.